unit 2 exam ARM
chapter 12 - correct answer ✔probability
why is probability important for statistics and research design? - correct
answer ✔always making inferences from sample to population---tells us
what's the probability of getting our sample data given our hypothesis about
the population
subjective probability - correct answer ✔Uses a probability value based on
an educated guess or estimate, employing opinions and inexact information.
theoretical probability distribution - correct answer ✔relative frequency of
events in a population
p(event) = (number of ways event occurs)/(total number of possible events)
addition rule of probability - correct answer ✔P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(AB)
What's the probability of A or B occuring?
mutually exclusive - correct answer ✔Events that cannot occur at the same
time.
multiplication rule - correct answer ✔P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B) is used when
we are interested in the probability of two events occurring simultaneously, or
in succession.
, -simultaneous events
-or in series of events
-sampling with or without replacement
sampling with replacement - correct answer ✔Once an element has been
included in the sample, it is returned to the population. A previously selected
element can be selected again and therefore may appear in the sample more
than once.
sampling without replacement - correct answer ✔Once an element has been
included in the sample, it is removed from the population and cannot be
selected a second time.
independence - correct answer ✔two events are independent if the outcome
of one has no influence on the outcome of the other
-events can be observations or variables
-to gain this, ideally test people individually rather than in groups
independence of observations - correct answer ✔· Assume observations are
independent = data we get from one participant is not related to data from
another participant
i.e. if you were observing aggressive/friendly acts in a group of preschoolers,
one's actions will ultimatley influence others---if someone pushes you, you're
more likely to be aggressive back, so you cannot assume independence
independence of variables - correct answer ✔one variable is not related to
another variable (i.e. is there a relationship between grades or facebook use,
chapter 12 - correct answer ✔probability
why is probability important for statistics and research design? - correct
answer ✔always making inferences from sample to population---tells us
what's the probability of getting our sample data given our hypothesis about
the population
subjective probability - correct answer ✔Uses a probability value based on
an educated guess or estimate, employing opinions and inexact information.
theoretical probability distribution - correct answer ✔relative frequency of
events in a population
p(event) = (number of ways event occurs)/(total number of possible events)
addition rule of probability - correct answer ✔P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(AB)
What's the probability of A or B occuring?
mutually exclusive - correct answer ✔Events that cannot occur at the same
time.
multiplication rule - correct answer ✔P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B) is used when
we are interested in the probability of two events occurring simultaneously, or
in succession.
, -simultaneous events
-or in series of events
-sampling with or without replacement
sampling with replacement - correct answer ✔Once an element has been
included in the sample, it is returned to the population. A previously selected
element can be selected again and therefore may appear in the sample more
than once.
sampling without replacement - correct answer ✔Once an element has been
included in the sample, it is removed from the population and cannot be
selected a second time.
independence - correct answer ✔two events are independent if the outcome
of one has no influence on the outcome of the other
-events can be observations or variables
-to gain this, ideally test people individually rather than in groups
independence of observations - correct answer ✔· Assume observations are
independent = data we get from one participant is not related to data from
another participant
i.e. if you were observing aggressive/friendly acts in a group of preschoolers,
one's actions will ultimatley influence others---if someone pushes you, you're
more likely to be aggressive back, so you cannot assume independence
independence of variables - correct answer ✔one variable is not related to
another variable (i.e. is there a relationship between grades or facebook use,
