D312 SCIE 1011
Anatomy & Physiology I with Lab
OA READINESS GUIDE
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Which of the following structures is primarily responsible
for filtering blood in the kidneys?
a) Ureter
b) Nephron
c) Renal pelvis
d) Bladder
Correct Answer: b) Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the
kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
2. In the respiratory system, the gas exchange occurs
primarily in which of the following structures?
a) Trachea
b) Bronchi
c) Alveoli
d) Larynx
Correct Answer: c) Alveoli
Rationale: Alveoli are tiny air sacs where oxygen and
carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs.
3. Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for
regulating body temperature?
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Hypothalamus
d) Medulla oblongata
Correct Answer: c) Hypothalamus
Rationale: The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis,
including body temperature regulation.
4. What is the primary function of the sarcoplasmic
reticulum in muscle fibers?
©2024/2025
, a) Energy production
b) Calcium storage
c) Protein synthesis
d) Nutrient absorption
Correct Answer: b) Calcium storage
Rationale: The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores calcium
ions, which are crucial for muscle contraction.
5. Which of the following hormones is produced by the
pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels?
a) Glucagon
b) Insulin
c) Cortisol
d) Epinephrine
Correct Answer: b) Insulin
Rationale: Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by
facilitating cellular uptake of glucose.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The functional unit of the nervous system is called the
__________.
Correct Answer: neuron
Rationale: Neurons are the basic building blocks of the
nervous system that transmit signals throughout the body.
7. The __________ system is responsible for body
movement and maintaining posture.
Correct Answer: muscular
Rationale: The muscular system allows for movement
and the maintenance of posture in the body.
8. Oxygenated blood leaves the heart through the
©2024/2025
Anatomy & Physiology I with Lab
OA READINESS GUIDE
Q&S
©2024/2025
,1. Which of the following structures is primarily responsible
for filtering blood in the kidneys?
a) Ureter
b) Nephron
c) Renal pelvis
d) Bladder
Correct Answer: b) Nephron
Rationale: The nephron is the functional unit of the
kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine.
2. In the respiratory system, the gas exchange occurs
primarily in which of the following structures?
a) Trachea
b) Bronchi
c) Alveoli
d) Larynx
Correct Answer: c) Alveoli
Rationale: Alveoli are tiny air sacs where oxygen and
carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs.
3. Which part of the brain is primarily responsible for
regulating body temperature?
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Hypothalamus
d) Medulla oblongata
Correct Answer: c) Hypothalamus
Rationale: The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis,
including body temperature regulation.
4. What is the primary function of the sarcoplasmic
reticulum in muscle fibers?
©2024/2025
, a) Energy production
b) Calcium storage
c) Protein synthesis
d) Nutrient absorption
Correct Answer: b) Calcium storage
Rationale: The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores calcium
ions, which are crucial for muscle contraction.
5. Which of the following hormones is produced by the
pancreas and lowers blood glucose levels?
a) Glucagon
b) Insulin
c) Cortisol
d) Epinephrine
Correct Answer: b) Insulin
Rationale: Insulin lowers blood glucose levels by
facilitating cellular uptake of glucose.
### Fill-in-the-Blank Questions
6. The functional unit of the nervous system is called the
__________.
Correct Answer: neuron
Rationale: Neurons are the basic building blocks of the
nervous system that transmit signals throughout the body.
7. The __________ system is responsible for body
movement and maintaining posture.
Correct Answer: muscular
Rationale: The muscular system allows for movement
and the maintenance of posture in the body.
8. Oxygenated blood leaves the heart through the
©2024/2025
