OSAT - Early Childhood Education Practice Solution Manual Rated A+
Authoritative - Answers High responsiveness, high demandingness
Gives a lot of positive feedback and explanation and has high expectations
Authoritation - Answers Low responsiveness, high demandingness
Gives little positive feedback or explanation and/or a lot of negative feedback or explanation and has
high expectations
Indulgent (permissive-by-choice) - Answers High responsiveness, Low demandingness
Gives a lot of feedback, combination of positive and negative; doesn't always hold the child to what they
say such as with discipline
gives the child what they need except limits
Unengaged (permissive-by-default) - Answers Low responsiveness, Low demandingness
Gives little to no feedback or explanation and does not have high expectations of child
How to be authoritative? - Answers model self-control
clearly communicate developmentally appropriate expectations
give specific information to children on how something should be done
recognize and encourage children when they do what you want them to do
What is responsiveness? - Answers How warm a person is and how he/she communicates and gives
explanations of child
What is demanding? - Answers How effectively and positively a person makes expectations clear to
children and how the child is monitored while doing it
John Dewey - Answers children have four primary interests
1. desire to invesitage and discover things
2. need to communicate
3. joy in construction
4. artistic expression
What is assimilation? - Answers taking in new information and connecting it with prior knowledge
, What is accommodation? - Answers Taking in new information and changing prior knowledge to better
fit new information
Jean Piaget - Answers Assimilation and Accommodation
Sensorimotor stage; Preoperational Stage; Concrete Operations Stage; Formal Operations Stage
Sensorimotor Stage - Answers Jean Piaget
birth-2 years
reflexes, needs, inately curious
Pre-operational Stage - Answers Jean Piaget
2 years - 7 years
use symbols to represent experiences and mental pictures; dont think logically; look at appearance not
logic behind it; cannot reverse things (no conservation)
Concrete Operations Stage - Answers Jean Piaget
7 years - 11 years
Can look at more than just the appearance (conservation)
Reverse operations in head
Think more logically but limited to concrete objects
Formal Operations Stage - Answers Jean Piaget
11 years +
apply logic to abstract ideas
problem solve more efficiently
think of more than one way to solve something
Perspective Taking - Answers Level 0 - 3-6 - egocentric
Level 1 - 6-8 - believes someone will respond the same way they would in a situation
Level 2 - 8-10 - can take another's perspective, sees self from others' perspective, not everyone reaches
this level
Level 3 - 10-12 - more sophisticated way of taking another's perspective, aware of different perspectives
such as "Mom thinks I think she wants me to."; not everyone reaches this level
Authoritative - Answers High responsiveness, high demandingness
Gives a lot of positive feedback and explanation and has high expectations
Authoritation - Answers Low responsiveness, high demandingness
Gives little positive feedback or explanation and/or a lot of negative feedback or explanation and has
high expectations
Indulgent (permissive-by-choice) - Answers High responsiveness, Low demandingness
Gives a lot of feedback, combination of positive and negative; doesn't always hold the child to what they
say such as with discipline
gives the child what they need except limits
Unengaged (permissive-by-default) - Answers Low responsiveness, Low demandingness
Gives little to no feedback or explanation and does not have high expectations of child
How to be authoritative? - Answers model self-control
clearly communicate developmentally appropriate expectations
give specific information to children on how something should be done
recognize and encourage children when they do what you want them to do
What is responsiveness? - Answers How warm a person is and how he/she communicates and gives
explanations of child
What is demanding? - Answers How effectively and positively a person makes expectations clear to
children and how the child is monitored while doing it
John Dewey - Answers children have four primary interests
1. desire to invesitage and discover things
2. need to communicate
3. joy in construction
4. artistic expression
What is assimilation? - Answers taking in new information and connecting it with prior knowledge
, What is accommodation? - Answers Taking in new information and changing prior knowledge to better
fit new information
Jean Piaget - Answers Assimilation and Accommodation
Sensorimotor stage; Preoperational Stage; Concrete Operations Stage; Formal Operations Stage
Sensorimotor Stage - Answers Jean Piaget
birth-2 years
reflexes, needs, inately curious
Pre-operational Stage - Answers Jean Piaget
2 years - 7 years
use symbols to represent experiences and mental pictures; dont think logically; look at appearance not
logic behind it; cannot reverse things (no conservation)
Concrete Operations Stage - Answers Jean Piaget
7 years - 11 years
Can look at more than just the appearance (conservation)
Reverse operations in head
Think more logically but limited to concrete objects
Formal Operations Stage - Answers Jean Piaget
11 years +
apply logic to abstract ideas
problem solve more efficiently
think of more than one way to solve something
Perspective Taking - Answers Level 0 - 3-6 - egocentric
Level 1 - 6-8 - believes someone will respond the same way they would in a situation
Level 2 - 8-10 - can take another's perspective, sees self from others' perspective, not everyone reaches
this level
Level 3 - 10-12 - more sophisticated way of taking another's perspective, aware of different perspectives
such as "Mom thinks I think she wants me to."; not everyone reaches this level
