Pharmacology - describes all pharmacological
classifications, examples, side effects
INTEGRATED NURSING SCIENCES I
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Body System/Drug
Drug Category Drug Action Examples Side Effects Comments
Purpose
Analgesics and/or opioids Relieve pain codeine, meperidine morphine, May cause drowsiness; blurred vision, May lead to physical and mental dependence.
(narcotics) oxycodone hydrocodone, dizziness, sedation; constipation Patients should not drive or operate
Drugs for pain and fever oxymorphone, can occur machinery while taking the drug.
hydromorphone, fentanyl
Nonopioids Relieve pain and fever acetaminophen (Tylenol), Aspirin and NSAIDs may cause GI Acetaminophen overdose has been linked to
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), irritation, anticoagulant effects, hepatic injury. The dose of
ibuprofen, naproxen, antiprostaglandin effects acetaminophen-based products is limited
indomethacin to 4 g or less per day.
Anestheticsa Produce loss of sensation by
interfering with nerve
impulses
A. General midazolam (Versed), propofol Versed: May cause amnesia, Versed is used for conscious sedation.
(Diprivan), etomidate hypotension, headache
(Amidate)
B. Local procaine, tetracaine, prilocaine, May cause skin rashes and/or edema Lidocaine may be topical form; also used
lidocaine systemically as a cardiac drug.
Antibiotics Destroy or inhibit the growth penicillin, amoxicillin, Nausea, GI upset, urticaria Caution must be used when administering IM
of bacterial strains of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid penicillin and all antibiotics with regard
Drugs for infectious microorganisms but (Augmentin), tetracycline, to observation after injection for
diseases have not been found to doxycycline, minocycline, potential of anaphylaxis.
be effective for viral ciprofloxacin (Cipro),
infections azithromycin (Zithromax)
A. Penicillins penicillin V amoxicillin/clavulanic Stomach upset and diarrhea Most contraindications involve
acid amoxicillin, hypersensitivity to the drug.
piperacillin/tazobactam
(Zosyn)
B. Tetracyclines minocycline, doxycycline, Stomach upset, diarrhea, vomiting Should not be taken with dairy or antacids.
tetracycline Cause photosensitivity.
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C. Cephalosporinsb cefazolin (Ancef), cephalexin, Nausea, vomiting, headache Patients allergic to penicillin may also be
cefaclor, cefdinir, cefepime allergic to cephalosporins.
D. Quinolone antibiotics ciprofloxacin (Cipro), levofloxacin, Nausea, vomiting, dizziness. Cause photosensitivity. Are contraindicated
moxifloxacin during pregnancy.
E. Macrolide antibiotics erythromycin, clarithromycin, Stomach upset, nausea, vomiting Should be taken with food.
azithromycin (Zithromax)
Body System/Drug
Drug Category Drug Action Examples Side Effects Comments
Purpose
F. Miscellaneous antibiotics vancomycin (Vancocin), Vancocin: Used primarily for
clindamycin, metronidazole methicillinresistant Staphylococcus
(Flagyl), aureus (MRSA).
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim Flagyl: Patients should avoid alcohol.
(Bactrim) Bactrim: Patients should drink 638 glasses
of water daily to avoid renal
crystallization of the drug.
Antifungals Inhibit and kill fungal growth Systemically administered antifungals Some are available in oral form for
may be nephrotoxic, and systemic treatment; others are available
A. Polyene antifungals hepatotoxic in topical form.
amphotericin B, candicidin,
natamycin, nystatin
B. Imidazole antifungals
clotrimazole, econazole,
ketoconazole, miconazole,
tioconazole
C. Triazole antifungals
fluconazole, itraconazole,
terconazole, voriconazole
D. Allylamine antifungals butenafine, terbinafine
E. Echinocandin antifungals
anidulafungin, caspofungin,
micafungin
classifications, examples, side effects
INTEGRATED NURSING SCIENCES I
, lOMoAR cPSD| 45211451
Body System/Drug
Drug Category Drug Action Examples Side Effects Comments
Purpose
Analgesics and/or opioids Relieve pain codeine, meperidine morphine, May cause drowsiness; blurred vision, May lead to physical and mental dependence.
(narcotics) oxycodone hydrocodone, dizziness, sedation; constipation Patients should not drive or operate
Drugs for pain and fever oxymorphone, can occur machinery while taking the drug.
hydromorphone, fentanyl
Nonopioids Relieve pain and fever acetaminophen (Tylenol), Aspirin and NSAIDs may cause GI Acetaminophen overdose has been linked to
acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), irritation, anticoagulant effects, hepatic injury. The dose of
ibuprofen, naproxen, antiprostaglandin effects acetaminophen-based products is limited
indomethacin to 4 g or less per day.
Anestheticsa Produce loss of sensation by
interfering with nerve
impulses
A. General midazolam (Versed), propofol Versed: May cause amnesia, Versed is used for conscious sedation.
(Diprivan), etomidate hypotension, headache
(Amidate)
B. Local procaine, tetracaine, prilocaine, May cause skin rashes and/or edema Lidocaine may be topical form; also used
lidocaine systemically as a cardiac drug.
Antibiotics Destroy or inhibit the growth penicillin, amoxicillin, Nausea, GI upset, urticaria Caution must be used when administering IM
of bacterial strains of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid penicillin and all antibiotics with regard
Drugs for infectious microorganisms but (Augmentin), tetracycline, to observation after injection for
diseases have not been found to doxycycline, minocycline, potential of anaphylaxis.
be effective for viral ciprofloxacin (Cipro),
infections azithromycin (Zithromax)
A. Penicillins penicillin V amoxicillin/clavulanic Stomach upset and diarrhea Most contraindications involve
acid amoxicillin, hypersensitivity to the drug.
piperacillin/tazobactam
(Zosyn)
B. Tetracyclines minocycline, doxycycline, Stomach upset, diarrhea, vomiting Should not be taken with dairy or antacids.
tetracycline Cause photosensitivity.
, lOMoAR cPSD| 45211451
C. Cephalosporinsb cefazolin (Ancef), cephalexin, Nausea, vomiting, headache Patients allergic to penicillin may also be
cefaclor, cefdinir, cefepime allergic to cephalosporins.
D. Quinolone antibiotics ciprofloxacin (Cipro), levofloxacin, Nausea, vomiting, dizziness. Cause photosensitivity. Are contraindicated
moxifloxacin during pregnancy.
E. Macrolide antibiotics erythromycin, clarithromycin, Stomach upset, nausea, vomiting Should be taken with food.
azithromycin (Zithromax)
Body System/Drug
Drug Category Drug Action Examples Side Effects Comments
Purpose
F. Miscellaneous antibiotics vancomycin (Vancocin), Vancocin: Used primarily for
clindamycin, metronidazole methicillinresistant Staphylococcus
(Flagyl), aureus (MRSA).
sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim Flagyl: Patients should avoid alcohol.
(Bactrim) Bactrim: Patients should drink 638 glasses
of water daily to avoid renal
crystallization of the drug.
Antifungals Inhibit and kill fungal growth Systemically administered antifungals Some are available in oral form for
may be nephrotoxic, and systemic treatment; others are available
A. Polyene antifungals hepatotoxic in topical form.
amphotericin B, candicidin,
natamycin, nystatin
B. Imidazole antifungals
clotrimazole, econazole,
ketoconazole, miconazole,
tioconazole
C. Triazole antifungals
fluconazole, itraconazole,
terconazole, voriconazole
D. Allylamine antifungals butenafine, terbinafine
E. Echinocandin antifungals
anidulafungin, caspofungin,
micafungin
