Blown to Bits: Ch. 3
Forging Metadata - correct answer ✔Metadata can help prove or refute
claims. Suppose Sam emails his teacher a homework paper after the due
date, with a plea that the work had been completed by the
deadline, but was undeliverable due to a network failure. If Sam is a cheater,
he could be exposed if he doesn't realize that the "last modified" date is part of
the document. However, if Sam is aware of this, he could "stamp" the
document with the right time by re-setting
the computer's clock before saving the file. The name in which the computer is
registered and other metadata are also forgeable, and therefore are of limited
use as evidence in court cases.
Metadata Retention - correct answer ✔A protocol can be established for
converting "rich" document formats such as that of Microsoft Word to formats
that retain less information, such as Adobe PDF.
But it turns out that measures used to eradicate personally identifiable
information from documents don't achieve as thorough a cleansing as is
commonly assumed.
Modeling and Rendering - correct answer ✔The representation of the
photograph in bits is called a
model and the process of capturing it is called modeling. The model is turned
into an image by rendering the model.
Pixel - correct answer ✔A graphic image is represented as a rectangular grid
of many rows and columns, by recording the color at each position in the grid.
To produce such a representation, the page itself is scanned, one narrow row
after the next, and each row is divided horizontally into tiny square "picture
elements" or pixels .
, Rastor or Bitmap - correct answer ✔An image representation based on a
division into pixels is called a raster or bitmap representation.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - correct
answer ✔ASCII uses one byte (8 bits) per character.
For example, A = 01000001, a =01100001, $=00100100, and 7 = 00110111.
The equation 7 = 00110111 means that the bit pattern used to represent the
symbol "7" in a string of text is 00110111 . The space character has its own
code, 00100000.
File Extensions - correct answer ✔.doc Microsoft Word document
.odt OpenDocument text document
.ppt Microsoft PowerPoint document
.ods OpenDocument Spreadsheet
.pdf Adobe Portable Document Format
.exe Executable program
.gif Graphics Interchange Format (uses 256-color palette)
.jpg JPEG graphic file (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
Lossless - correct answer ✔A lossless representation is one that allows
exactly the
same representation to be rendered.
Lossy - correct answer ✔A lossy representation allows an approximation to
the original to be rendered.
Technology Lifespan - correct answer ✔The birth of new technologies
presage the death of old technologies. The periods of transition between
technologies, when one emerges and threatens another that is already in wide
Forging Metadata - correct answer ✔Metadata can help prove or refute
claims. Suppose Sam emails his teacher a homework paper after the due
date, with a plea that the work had been completed by the
deadline, but was undeliverable due to a network failure. If Sam is a cheater,
he could be exposed if he doesn't realize that the "last modified" date is part of
the document. However, if Sam is aware of this, he could "stamp" the
document with the right time by re-setting
the computer's clock before saving the file. The name in which the computer is
registered and other metadata are also forgeable, and therefore are of limited
use as evidence in court cases.
Metadata Retention - correct answer ✔A protocol can be established for
converting "rich" document formats such as that of Microsoft Word to formats
that retain less information, such as Adobe PDF.
But it turns out that measures used to eradicate personally identifiable
information from documents don't achieve as thorough a cleansing as is
commonly assumed.
Modeling and Rendering - correct answer ✔The representation of the
photograph in bits is called a
model and the process of capturing it is called modeling. The model is turned
into an image by rendering the model.
Pixel - correct answer ✔A graphic image is represented as a rectangular grid
of many rows and columns, by recording the color at each position in the grid.
To produce such a representation, the page itself is scanned, one narrow row
after the next, and each row is divided horizontally into tiny square "picture
elements" or pixels .
, Rastor or Bitmap - correct answer ✔An image representation based on a
division into pixels is called a raster or bitmap representation.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) - correct
answer ✔ASCII uses one byte (8 bits) per character.
For example, A = 01000001, a =01100001, $=00100100, and 7 = 00110111.
The equation 7 = 00110111 means that the bit pattern used to represent the
symbol "7" in a string of text is 00110111 . The space character has its own
code, 00100000.
File Extensions - correct answer ✔.doc Microsoft Word document
.odt OpenDocument text document
.ppt Microsoft PowerPoint document
.ods OpenDocument Spreadsheet
.pdf Adobe Portable Document Format
.exe Executable program
.gif Graphics Interchange Format (uses 256-color palette)
.jpg JPEG graphic file (Joint Photographic Experts Group)
Lossless - correct answer ✔A lossless representation is one that allows
exactly the
same representation to be rendered.
Lossy - correct answer ✔A lossy representation allows an approximation to
the original to be rendered.
Technology Lifespan - correct answer ✔The birth of new technologies
presage the death of old technologies. The periods of transition between
technologies, when one emerges and threatens another that is already in wide
