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Medical Model - ✔✔disability as a problem of the person, directly caused
by disease, trauma, or other health condition which therefore requires
sustained medical care provided in the form of individual treatment by
professionals.
~ Management is aimed at a cure, or individual adjustment and behavioral
change
~ medical care viewed as main issue
~ political response is to reform healthcare
Strengths: addresses biological sources of disabilities through cures or
medical management
, Weaknesses: treats disability as a problem or inherent characteristic of the
indvidual, overlooks broader sociopolitical constraints imposed by
unwelcoming or inaccessible environments
Social Model - ✔✔views disability as a socially created problem, a matter of
the full integration of individuals into society. Disability is a complex
collection of conditions, many of which are created by the social
environment.
~ social action
~ society needs to make environmental modifications
~ cultural and ideological
~ large-scale cultural change
~ equal access as a human rights issue
Strenghts: Focuses on disabling conditions in the environment and makes
clear they are not solely a characteristic of individual's "broken" body.
Encourages design to accommodate a wide range of human characteristics
and abilities