Chapter 4 AMLS test questions fully solved

Cardiac Output stroke volume X heart rate Preload Stretch of the myocardial tissue by the blood in the ventricles just before the start of a contraction Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:01 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More Afterload Force the ejected blood meets as it exits the ventricle Compensated Shock Vital Signs: Normal blood pressure, normal to slight elevated heart rate, delayed capillary refill S/S: Cool hands and feet, pale mucous membranes, restlessness, anxiety, oliguria Decompensated Shock Vital Signs: Blood pressure decreasing, tachycardic 120 bpm, Tachypneic 30-40 bpm S/S: Waxen cool, clammy skin, pale or cyanotic mucous membranes, profound weakness, anxiety, absent or decreased peripheral pulses Irreversible Shock Profound Hypotension, lactate 8mEqL Hypolvolemic Shock A reduction in the amount of circulating fluid leads to a diminished CO which prevents adequate oxygenation to the tissues and cells. S/S: Tachycardia, hypotension, and increased respiratory rate Can be caused by hemorrhage, or extreme loss of interstitial fluid Hemorrhagic Shock Most common cause of hypovolemic shock, significant blood loss occurs Distributive Shock Inadequate volume of blood to fill the vascular space, caused by a precipitous increase in vascular capacity Septic Shock Result of a massive systemic inflammatory response. Criteria: Temperature 100 Heart Rate 90 Respiratory Rate 20 Anaphylactic Shock Antibody-antigen hypersensitivity response is the primary cause. Has vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, excessive mucus secretion, coronary vasoconstriction, inflammation, and cutaneous reactions. Neurogenic Shock Form of distributive shock, signal transmission in the sympathetic nervous system is interrupted. S/S: Warm, hypotension, pink below sight of injury Cardiogenic Shock Caused by a problem with rate or strength of hear contractions. S/S: Respiratory rate is increased, crackles caused by pulmonary edema, increased heart rate, diminished heart sounds Obstructive Shock Blood flow in the great vessels or heart is occluded. Common causes include pericardial tamponade, massive pulmonary embolus, and tension pneumothorax Cardiac Tamponade Displays by beck's triad: JVD, hypotension, and muffled heart sounds Pulmonary Embolus Life threatening condition that occurs when a thrombus travel through vasculature and lodges in the pulmonary artery. Disseminated intravascular coagulation a pathologic form of coagulation that is diffuse or systemic rather than localized. Clotting factor are consumed to such an extent that generalized bleeding or clotting may occur