Exam Solution Manual for Respiratory System dysfunction. Graded A+
A 55-year-old client is scheduled for spirometry testing for evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). The nurse - Answers Asks the client, "What are your allergies?"
Explanation:
Spirometry testing includes use of a bronchodilator and then further testing. The nurse needs to assess
for allergies first. The client does not need to be NPO prior to spirometry testing. Venous blood work
may be done for clients younger than 45 years old, to check for a deficiency in alpha 1-antitrypsin.
Arterial blood gases, if ordered, are obtained prior to spirometry testing.
A client is being seen in the emergency department for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). The first action of the nurse is to administer which of the following prescribed
treatments? - Answers Oxygen through nasal cannula at 2 L/minute
Explanation:
All options listed are treatments that may be used for a client with an exacerbation of COPD. The first
line of treatment is oxygen therapy.
A client has asthma. Which of the following medications is a commonly prescribed mast cell stabilizer
used for asthma? - Answers Cromolyn sodium
Explanation:
Cromolyn sodium and nedocromil are mild to moderate anti-inflammatory agents and are considered
alternative medications for treatment. These medications stabilize mast cells. Albuterol is a long-acting
beta2-antagonist. Budesonide is an inhaled corticosteroid. Theophylline is a mild to moderate
bronchodilator
The nurse has instructed the client to use a peak flow meter. The nurse evaluates client learning as
satisfactory when the client - Answers Exhales hard and fast with a single blow
Explanation:
To use a peak flow meter, the client stands. Then the client takes a deep breath and exhales hard and
fast with a single blow. The client repeats this twice and records a "personal best" in an asthma diary.
An increase in the red blood cell concentration in the blood is termed which of the following? - Answers
Polycythemia
Which of the following medications are classified as leukotriene modifiers (inhibitors)? Select all that
apply. - Answers • Zafirlukast (Accolate)
, • Montelukast (Singulair)
• Zileuton (Zyflo)
Explanation:
Singulair, Accolate, and Zyflo are leukotriene modifiers. Atrovent is a short-acting anticholinergic. Spiriva
is a long-acting anticholinergic.
Nursing students are gathered for a study session about the pulmonary system. One student asks the
others to name the primary causes for an acute exacerbation of COPD. Which of the following responses
should be in the reply? Choose all that apply. - Answers • Air pollution
• Tracheobronchial infection
Explanation:
Common causes of an acute exacerbation include tracheobronchial infection and air pollution. However,
the cause of approximately one third of severe exacerbations cannot be identified. Fractured hips,
hypertension, and GI viruses are not causes of exacerbation of COPD.
The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
is suspected when which of the following is noted? Select all that apply. - Answers • Right ventricular
enlargement
• Enlarge of central pulmonary arteries
• Elevated plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
• Dyspnea and fatigue disproportionate to pulmonary function abnormalities
Explanation:
The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension associated with COPD is suspected in patients complaining of
dyspnea and fatigue that appear to be disproportionate to pulmonary function abnormalities.
Enlargement of the central pulmonary arteries on the chest X-ray, echocardiogram suggestive of right
ventricular enlargement, and elevated plasma BNP may be present
Asthma is cause by which type of response? - Answers IgE-mediated
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reports increased shortness of breath and
fatigue for 1 hour after awakening in the morning. Which of the following statements by the nurse
would best help with the client's shortness of breath and fatigue? - Answers Delay self-care activities for
one hour
Explanation:
A 55-year-old client is scheduled for spirometry testing for evaluation of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). The nurse - Answers Asks the client, "What are your allergies?"
Explanation:
Spirometry testing includes use of a bronchodilator and then further testing. The nurse needs to assess
for allergies first. The client does not need to be NPO prior to spirometry testing. Venous blood work
may be done for clients younger than 45 years old, to check for a deficiency in alpha 1-antitrypsin.
Arterial blood gases, if ordered, are obtained prior to spirometry testing.
A client is being seen in the emergency department for exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). The first action of the nurse is to administer which of the following prescribed
treatments? - Answers Oxygen through nasal cannula at 2 L/minute
Explanation:
All options listed are treatments that may be used for a client with an exacerbation of COPD. The first
line of treatment is oxygen therapy.
A client has asthma. Which of the following medications is a commonly prescribed mast cell stabilizer
used for asthma? - Answers Cromolyn sodium
Explanation:
Cromolyn sodium and nedocromil are mild to moderate anti-inflammatory agents and are considered
alternative medications for treatment. These medications stabilize mast cells. Albuterol is a long-acting
beta2-antagonist. Budesonide is an inhaled corticosteroid. Theophylline is a mild to moderate
bronchodilator
The nurse has instructed the client to use a peak flow meter. The nurse evaluates client learning as
satisfactory when the client - Answers Exhales hard and fast with a single blow
Explanation:
To use a peak flow meter, the client stands. Then the client takes a deep breath and exhales hard and
fast with a single blow. The client repeats this twice and records a "personal best" in an asthma diary.
An increase in the red blood cell concentration in the blood is termed which of the following? - Answers
Polycythemia
Which of the following medications are classified as leukotriene modifiers (inhibitors)? Select all that
apply. - Answers • Zafirlukast (Accolate)
, • Montelukast (Singulair)
• Zileuton (Zyflo)
Explanation:
Singulair, Accolate, and Zyflo are leukotriene modifiers. Atrovent is a short-acting anticholinergic. Spiriva
is a long-acting anticholinergic.
Nursing students are gathered for a study session about the pulmonary system. One student asks the
others to name the primary causes for an acute exacerbation of COPD. Which of the following responses
should be in the reply? Choose all that apply. - Answers • Air pollution
• Tracheobronchial infection
Explanation:
Common causes of an acute exacerbation include tracheobronchial infection and air pollution. However,
the cause of approximately one third of severe exacerbations cannot be identified. Fractured hips,
hypertension, and GI viruses are not causes of exacerbation of COPD.
The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
is suspected when which of the following is noted? Select all that apply. - Answers • Right ventricular
enlargement
• Enlarge of central pulmonary arteries
• Elevated plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)
• Dyspnea and fatigue disproportionate to pulmonary function abnormalities
Explanation:
The diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension associated with COPD is suspected in patients complaining of
dyspnea and fatigue that appear to be disproportionate to pulmonary function abnormalities.
Enlargement of the central pulmonary arteries on the chest X-ray, echocardiogram suggestive of right
ventricular enlargement, and elevated plasma BNP may be present
Asthma is cause by which type of response? - Answers IgE-mediated
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) reports increased shortness of breath and
fatigue for 1 hour after awakening in the morning. Which of the following statements by the nurse
would best help with the client's shortness of breath and fatigue? - Answers Delay self-care activities for
one hour
Explanation:
