PSG Exam with complete solutions
2024/2025
Sleep spindle - ANSWER-Central derivation, 11-16 Hz, >0.5seconds
K complex - ANSWER-Frontal derivation, negative then positive component, >0.5
seconds
Saw-tooth waves - ANSWER-Central derivation, precede rapid eye movements, 2-
6Hz, sharply contoured, REM sleep
REM or S2 - ANSWER-Still REM if K complex/spindle followed by REM
Movement in Wake - ANSWER-Majority alpha
End stage 2 - ANSWER-Transition to W, N3, R, an arousal, major body movement
followed by SEM
Pseudo RBD - ANSWER-Check for respiratory event prior
Hypopnea - ANSWER-10 seconds, arousal or 4% desat
Nasal pressure transducer detects - ANSWER-Hypopnea (NPH)
Oral thermal airflow sensor detects - ANSWER-Apnea (OTA)
Used to monitor respiratory effort - ANSWER-Esophageal manometer l, dual
thoracoabdominal RIP belts
, Pulse oximetry maximum acceptable signal avg time ___ seconds at heart rate
___ bpm - ANSWER-<3, 80bpm
Detection of hypoventilation during PAP titration - ANSWER-Arterial PCO2 or
transcutaneous PCO2
Causes of end tidal CO2 malfunctions causing falsely low values - ANSWER-
Nasal obstruction, profuse nasal secretions, mouth breathers, those on
supplemental oxygen
Apnea criteria - ANSWER->90% drop in signal of oronasal thermal sensor or PAP
flow device, duration of >90% signal drop is >10 seconds
Mixed apnea - ANSWER-Meets apnea requirement with absent inspiratory effort in
the initial portion of the event followed my inspiratory effort in the second portion
Hypopnea - ANSWER-Signal drop >30% of pre-event baseline using nasal
pressure transducer, >10 sec duration, >3% oxygen desat
Obstructive hypopnea - ANSWER-Snoring during event, inc inspiratory flattening
of the nasal pressure or PAP flow signal compared to baseline breathing,
thoracoabdominal paradox during the event but not during pre-event breathing
Score hypoventilation - ANSWER-Increased arterial PCO2 >55 mmHg for >10 min,
>10 mmHg increase in arterial PCO2 during sleep to a value exceeding 50 mmHg
for >10 min
Cheyne-Stokes breathing - ANSWER->3 consecutive central apneas and/or
central hypopneas separated by <> breathing with cycle length of >40 seconds,
>5 central apneas and/or central hypopneas per hour of sleep recorded over
>2hrs
Catarhenia - ANSWER-More often in REM, treat with cpap
At which age do sleep spindles appear - ANSWER-6 weeks post term. Present 2-3
months post term.
2024/2025
Sleep spindle - ANSWER-Central derivation, 11-16 Hz, >0.5seconds
K complex - ANSWER-Frontal derivation, negative then positive component, >0.5
seconds
Saw-tooth waves - ANSWER-Central derivation, precede rapid eye movements, 2-
6Hz, sharply contoured, REM sleep
REM or S2 - ANSWER-Still REM if K complex/spindle followed by REM
Movement in Wake - ANSWER-Majority alpha
End stage 2 - ANSWER-Transition to W, N3, R, an arousal, major body movement
followed by SEM
Pseudo RBD - ANSWER-Check for respiratory event prior
Hypopnea - ANSWER-10 seconds, arousal or 4% desat
Nasal pressure transducer detects - ANSWER-Hypopnea (NPH)
Oral thermal airflow sensor detects - ANSWER-Apnea (OTA)
Used to monitor respiratory effort - ANSWER-Esophageal manometer l, dual
thoracoabdominal RIP belts
, Pulse oximetry maximum acceptable signal avg time ___ seconds at heart rate
___ bpm - ANSWER-<3, 80bpm
Detection of hypoventilation during PAP titration - ANSWER-Arterial PCO2 or
transcutaneous PCO2
Causes of end tidal CO2 malfunctions causing falsely low values - ANSWER-
Nasal obstruction, profuse nasal secretions, mouth breathers, those on
supplemental oxygen
Apnea criteria - ANSWER->90% drop in signal of oronasal thermal sensor or PAP
flow device, duration of >90% signal drop is >10 seconds
Mixed apnea - ANSWER-Meets apnea requirement with absent inspiratory effort in
the initial portion of the event followed my inspiratory effort in the second portion
Hypopnea - ANSWER-Signal drop >30% of pre-event baseline using nasal
pressure transducer, >10 sec duration, >3% oxygen desat
Obstructive hypopnea - ANSWER-Snoring during event, inc inspiratory flattening
of the nasal pressure or PAP flow signal compared to baseline breathing,
thoracoabdominal paradox during the event but not during pre-event breathing
Score hypoventilation - ANSWER-Increased arterial PCO2 >55 mmHg for >10 min,
>10 mmHg increase in arterial PCO2 during sleep to a value exceeding 50 mmHg
for >10 min
Cheyne-Stokes breathing - ANSWER->3 consecutive central apneas and/or
central hypopneas separated by <> breathing with cycle length of >40 seconds,
>5 central apneas and/or central hypopneas per hour of sleep recorded over
>2hrs
Catarhenia - ANSWER-More often in REM, treat with cpap
At which age do sleep spindles appear - ANSWER-6 weeks post term. Present 2-3
months post term.
