Pulmonary Pathophysiology and Care Exam Questions with Answers
Epiglottitis symptoms - Answers rapid onset sore throat, out of proportion to exam findings
epiglottitis risk - Answers diabetics
treatment epiglottitis - Answers abx, 2/3rd gen cephalosporins, iv decadron
2nd gen - cefoxitin, cefotetan
3rd gen - ceftraixone, ceftazidime
epiglottitis monitoring - Answers airway/continuous pulse ox
epiglottitis x ray - Answers Thumbprint sign on the lateral neck view
pharyngitis cause - Answers group a beta hemolytic streptococcus
Pharyngitis symptoms - Answers fever, anterior cervical adenopathy, sore throat
pharyngitis treatment - Answers penicillin preferred (pcn v, amoxicillin, pcn g), cephalosporins
(cephalexin, cefadroxil, cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, cefixime)
1st generation cephalosporins - Answers cefazolin
2nd generation cephalosporins - Answers ceftin, cefoxitin, cefotetan
3rd generation cephalosporins - Answers cefpodoxime, ceftraixone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime
4th generation cephalosporins - Answers Cefepime
5th generation cephalosporins - Answers -Ceftaroline
Carbapenems - Answers imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, doripenem
monobactams - Answers aztreonam
Beta-lactams - Answers zosyn, unasyn, augmentin
macrolides - Answers azithromycin, clarithromycin
Fluoroquinolones - Answers Moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin
Aminoglycosides - Answers gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
Glycopeptides - Answers Vancomycin
Oxazolidinones - Answers Linezolid
, CAP symptoms - Answers fever, cough, dyspnea,
sweats, chills, rigors, CP, pleurisy, hemoptysis, fatigue, myalgias, HA
CAP exam findings - Answers inspiratory crackles, bronchial breath sounds, dullness to percussion,
fever, tachypnea, tachycardia, desaturation
CAP: Diagnostic Tests - Answers sputum culture - pt with severe disease/pt treated for mrsa or
pseudomonas
urinary antigen for s. pneumoniae or legionella
rapid antigen flu test
ABG
CBC
Blood culture
CAP imaging - Answers infiltrates on CXR
patchy opacities
lobar consolidation
air bronchograms
O2 parameters - Answers MI or stroke - supplement if less than 90%
at risk for hypercapnia 88-92%
100% O2 - Answers cluster HA, sickle cell, pneumothorax, carbon monoxide poisoning
nasal cannula - Answers 1-6 L/min, 4% FiO2 increase with each liter
Bernoulli's Principle - Answers oxygen delivered and stored in nasopharynx cavity, pulled into trachea
regardless of oral or nasal inspiration
simple face mask - Answers 5-8 L/min, 40-60%,
careful with CO2 retainers and aspiration risk
Venturi mask - Answers up to 60%, very precise
nonrebreather mask - Answers 11-15l, up to 100%
fill reservoir bag , then collapse 1/3
Epiglottitis symptoms - Answers rapid onset sore throat, out of proportion to exam findings
epiglottitis risk - Answers diabetics
treatment epiglottitis - Answers abx, 2/3rd gen cephalosporins, iv decadron
2nd gen - cefoxitin, cefotetan
3rd gen - ceftraixone, ceftazidime
epiglottitis monitoring - Answers airway/continuous pulse ox
epiglottitis x ray - Answers Thumbprint sign on the lateral neck view
pharyngitis cause - Answers group a beta hemolytic streptococcus
Pharyngitis symptoms - Answers fever, anterior cervical adenopathy, sore throat
pharyngitis treatment - Answers penicillin preferred (pcn v, amoxicillin, pcn g), cephalosporins
(cephalexin, cefadroxil, cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, cefdinir, cefixime)
1st generation cephalosporins - Answers cefazolin
2nd generation cephalosporins - Answers ceftin, cefoxitin, cefotetan
3rd generation cephalosporins - Answers cefpodoxime, ceftraixone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime
4th generation cephalosporins - Answers Cefepime
5th generation cephalosporins - Answers -Ceftaroline
Carbapenems - Answers imipenem, meropenem, ertapenem, doripenem
monobactams - Answers aztreonam
Beta-lactams - Answers zosyn, unasyn, augmentin
macrolides - Answers azithromycin, clarithromycin
Fluoroquinolones - Answers Moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin
Aminoglycosides - Answers gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
Glycopeptides - Answers Vancomycin
Oxazolidinones - Answers Linezolid
, CAP symptoms - Answers fever, cough, dyspnea,
sweats, chills, rigors, CP, pleurisy, hemoptysis, fatigue, myalgias, HA
CAP exam findings - Answers inspiratory crackles, bronchial breath sounds, dullness to percussion,
fever, tachypnea, tachycardia, desaturation
CAP: Diagnostic Tests - Answers sputum culture - pt with severe disease/pt treated for mrsa or
pseudomonas
urinary antigen for s. pneumoniae or legionella
rapid antigen flu test
ABG
CBC
Blood culture
CAP imaging - Answers infiltrates on CXR
patchy opacities
lobar consolidation
air bronchograms
O2 parameters - Answers MI or stroke - supplement if less than 90%
at risk for hypercapnia 88-92%
100% O2 - Answers cluster HA, sickle cell, pneumothorax, carbon monoxide poisoning
nasal cannula - Answers 1-6 L/min, 4% FiO2 increase with each liter
Bernoulli's Principle - Answers oxygen delivered and stored in nasopharynx cavity, pulled into trachea
regardless of oral or nasal inspiration
simple face mask - Answers 5-8 L/min, 40-60%,
careful with CO2 retainers and aspiration risk
Venturi mask - Answers up to 60%, very precise
nonrebreather mask - Answers 11-15l, up to 100%
fill reservoir bag , then collapse 1/3
