Pharmacology And The Nursing
Process- Chapter 2 Questions With
Correct Answers.
Additive Effect - ANSWER- drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of 2 or
more drugs with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of the individual effects of the
same drugs given alone (1+1=2)
Adverse Drug Event - ANSWER- any undesirable occurrence related to administering or
failing to administer a prescribed medication.
Adverse Drug Reaction - ANSWER- any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or
excessive response to a medication given at therapeutic dosages (not an overdose)
Adverse Effects - ANSWER- a general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct
response to one or more drugs
Agonist - ANSWER- a drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more
receptors in the body.
Allergic Reaction - ANSWER- an immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from
the unusual sensitivity of a patient to a particular medication; a type of adverse drug
event.
Antagonistic Effects - ANSWER- Drug interaction which the effect of a combination of
two or more drugs is less than the sum of the individual effects of the same drug given
alone (1 + 1 = less than 2); it is usually caused by an antagonizing (blocking or
reducing) effect of one drug on another
Bioavailability - ANSWER- A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug
and route (from 0% to 100%)
Biotransformation - ANSWER- One or more biochemical reactions involving a parent
drug. Biotransformation occurs mainly in the liver and produces a metabolite that is
either inactive or active. Also known as a metabolism.
Blood-Brain Barrier - ANSWER- The barrier system that restricts the passage of various
chemicals and microscopic entities (e.g. bacteria, viruses) between the bloodstream
and the central nervous system. It still allows for the passage of essential substances
such as oxygen.
, Chemical Name - ANSWER- The name that describes the chemical composition and
molecular structure of a drug.
Contraindication - ANSWER- Any condition, especially one related to a disease state or
other patient characteristic, including current or recent drug therapy, that renders a
particular form of treatment improper or undesirable.
Cytochrome P-450 - ANSWER- The general name for a large class of enzymes that
play a significant role in drug metabolism.
Dependence - ANSWER- A state in which there is a compulsive or chronic need, as for
a drug.
Dissolution - ANSWER- The process by which solid forms of a drug disintegrate in the
gastrointestinal tract and become soluble before being absorbed into the circulation.
Drug - ANSWER- Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living
organism.
Drug Actions - ANSWER- The cellular process involved in the interaction between a
drug and body cells (e.g. the action of a drug on a receptor protein); also called
mechanism of action.
Drug Effects - ANSWER- The physiologic reactions of the body to a drug. They can be
therapeutic or toxic and describe how the function of the body is affected as a whole by
the drug. The terms onset, peak, and duration are used to describe drug effects (most
often referring to therapeutic effects)
Drug-Induced Teratogenesis - ANSWER- The development of congenital anomalies or
defects in the developing fetus caused by the toxic effects of a drug.
Drug Interaction - ANSWER- Alteration in the pharmacologic activity of a given drug
caused by the presence of one or more additional drugs; it is usually related to effects
on the enzymes required for metabolism of the involved drugs.
Duration of Action - ANSWER- The length of time the concentration of a drug in the
blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a drug response.
Enzyme - ANSWER- Protein molecules that catalyze one or more of a variety of
biochemical reactions, including those related to the body's own physiologic processes
as well as those related to drug metabolism.
First-Pass Effect - ANSWER- The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from
the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the
bloodstream.
Process- Chapter 2 Questions With
Correct Answers.
Additive Effect - ANSWER- drug interactions in which the effect of a combination of 2 or
more drugs with similar actions is equivalent to the sum of the individual effects of the
same drugs given alone (1+1=2)
Adverse Drug Event - ANSWER- any undesirable occurrence related to administering or
failing to administer a prescribed medication.
Adverse Drug Reaction - ANSWER- any unexpected, unintended, undesired, or
excessive response to a medication given at therapeutic dosages (not an overdose)
Adverse Effects - ANSWER- a general term for any undesirable effects that are a direct
response to one or more drugs
Agonist - ANSWER- a drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more
receptors in the body.
Allergic Reaction - ANSWER- an immunologic hypersensitivity reaction resulting from
the unusual sensitivity of a patient to a particular medication; a type of adverse drug
event.
Antagonistic Effects - ANSWER- Drug interaction which the effect of a combination of
two or more drugs is less than the sum of the individual effects of the same drug given
alone (1 + 1 = less than 2); it is usually caused by an antagonizing (blocking or
reducing) effect of one drug on another
Bioavailability - ANSWER- A measure of the extent of drug absorption for a given drug
and route (from 0% to 100%)
Biotransformation - ANSWER- One or more biochemical reactions involving a parent
drug. Biotransformation occurs mainly in the liver and produces a metabolite that is
either inactive or active. Also known as a metabolism.
Blood-Brain Barrier - ANSWER- The barrier system that restricts the passage of various
chemicals and microscopic entities (e.g. bacteria, viruses) between the bloodstream
and the central nervous system. It still allows for the passage of essential substances
such as oxygen.
, Chemical Name - ANSWER- The name that describes the chemical composition and
molecular structure of a drug.
Contraindication - ANSWER- Any condition, especially one related to a disease state or
other patient characteristic, including current or recent drug therapy, that renders a
particular form of treatment improper or undesirable.
Cytochrome P-450 - ANSWER- The general name for a large class of enzymes that
play a significant role in drug metabolism.
Dependence - ANSWER- A state in which there is a compulsive or chronic need, as for
a drug.
Dissolution - ANSWER- The process by which solid forms of a drug disintegrate in the
gastrointestinal tract and become soluble before being absorbed into the circulation.
Drug - ANSWER- Any chemical that affects the physiologic processes of a living
organism.
Drug Actions - ANSWER- The cellular process involved in the interaction between a
drug and body cells (e.g. the action of a drug on a receptor protein); also called
mechanism of action.
Drug Effects - ANSWER- The physiologic reactions of the body to a drug. They can be
therapeutic or toxic and describe how the function of the body is affected as a whole by
the drug. The terms onset, peak, and duration are used to describe drug effects (most
often referring to therapeutic effects)
Drug-Induced Teratogenesis - ANSWER- The development of congenital anomalies or
defects in the developing fetus caused by the toxic effects of a drug.
Drug Interaction - ANSWER- Alteration in the pharmacologic activity of a given drug
caused by the presence of one or more additional drugs; it is usually related to effects
on the enzymes required for metabolism of the involved drugs.
Duration of Action - ANSWER- The length of time the concentration of a drug in the
blood or tissues is sufficient to elicit a drug response.
Enzyme - ANSWER- Protein molecules that catalyze one or more of a variety of
biochemical reactions, including those related to the body's own physiologic processes
as well as those related to drug metabolism.
First-Pass Effect - ANSWER- The initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from
the gastrointestinal tract before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the
bloodstream.
