Adult Echo Exam 1 With Complete Solution

Time Velocity Integral (TVI or VTI) — ANS- represents the distance blood travels with each stroke Regurgitant Volume (RV) -— ANS- the volume of blood that regurgitates through an incompetent valve with each heart beat Regurgitant Fraction (RF) ANS- the fraction or percentage oftotal stroke volume that regurgitates through an incompetent valve Effective Regurgitant Orifice (ERO) - — ANS- the size ofthe orifice through which the regurg passes, refers to the average effective area of the regurg orifice Regurgitant Orifice Area (ROA) - - ANS- another term for effective regurgitant orifice Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area (PISA) ANS- based on the concept that the flow proximal to the regurgitant orifice is equal to the flow through the regurgitant orifice Regurgitant flow (Flow MR) ANS- the instantaneous flow rate in cc/sec Stroke Volume (SV) - — ANS- amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat Cardiac Output (CO) - — ANS- volume of blood pumped by the heart per minute Cardiac Index (CI) - — ANS- the cardiac output divided by the body surface area (BSA) Cross Sectional Area (CSA) - — ANS- derived from the radius or the diameter of a cylinder normal heart sounds = -— ANS- heart valves closing causing blood flow changes 2 normal heart sounds that occur in sequence ANS- "lub dub" Sl - first heart sound "Lub" - closure of AV valves (mitral and tricuspid) SI happens in - Systole - LV/RV starts contracting - LV / RV pressure rises, exceeding LA/RA pressure - causes closure of AV valves S2 - second heart sound "Dub"