REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
DETAILED BEST SOLUTION GRADED A+ FOR EXCELLENT PASS
It would affect spermatogenesis because with chronic and high levels of LH, Leydig cells
become refractory and develop low LH receptivity. There would be a severe down
regulation of the GnRH and LH feedback system. As a result, testosterone secretion and
spermatogenesis would essentially stop. - CORRECT ANSWERS How would exogenous
anabolic steroids (i.e., androgens) affect spermatogenesis? Why?
There would be no immediate impact on serum concentrations. In about 24-48 hours,
the body will regulate itself back to normal and produce hormones. However, there will
be a loss of negative feedback in the long term, resulting in a decrease in LH and
testosterone. - CORRECT ANSWERS If one testis was removed from a bull, what would
be the immediate effect on serum concentrations of testosterone and LH? What would
be the long term effect?
Sertoli cells are located inside seminiferous tubules, whereas Leydig cells are located in
between the seminiferous tubules. - CORRECT ANSWERS What is the location and
nature of the Sertoli cells and Leydig cells?
GnRH antagonists cause suppression of gonadotropins such as LH and FSH. Without LH,
the Leydig cells will not be stimulated to produce testosterone. Without FSH, the Sertoli
cells would not be stimulated to secrete androgen binding proteins, which help keep
testosterone concentrations high in the seminiferous tubules. Both of these are
necessary for spermatogenesis, so the development of sperm would simply not occur. -
CORRECT ANSWERS GnRH antagonist is a potential male contraceptive. How does it
work?
Seminiferous tubules - CORRECT ANSWERS Where does spermatogenesis take place?
The first phase is called the proliferation phase, which consists of all mitotic divisions of
spermatogonia. In this phase, stem cell renewal also occurs. The second phase is the
meiotic phase, which begins with primary spermatocytes and ends with haploid
spermatids. Lastly there is the differentiation phase, in which the spermatozoon
emerges with a head, flagellum and midpiece, and principal piece. - CORRECT
ANSWERS Define the three stages of spermatogenesis.
Golgi, cap, acrosomal, maturation - CORRECT ANSWERS What are the four phases of
differentiation of a sperm?
This is when the first steps of acrosome development occur. Different vesicles fuse
together to create the acrosomal vesicle, while the flagellum anchor begins to form. -
CORRECT ANSWERS Describe the golgi phase of differentiation.
,REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
DETAILED BEST SOLUTION GRADED A+ FOR EXCELLENT PASS
The acrosome forms a distinct, easily recognized cap over the anterior portion of the
nucleus. The golgi body has done its job by packaging acrosomal contents and
membranes and begins to migrate away from the nucleus and disappears. The flagellum
begins to project from the spermatid. - CORRECT ANSWERS Describe the cap phase of
differentiation of a sperm?
The acrosome continues to spread until it covers 2/3 of the nucleus. The nucleus will
elongate, and the neck and annulus form. Then the sperm will become deeply embedded
in Sertoli cells. - CORRECT ANSWERS Describe the acrosomal phase of differentiation
of a sperm?
Mitochondria form a spiral assembly around the flagellum that defines the midpiece.
The postnuclear cap is formed. The annulus completes the juncture between the
midpiece and principle piece. - CORRECT ANSWERS Describe the maturation phase of
differentiation of a sperm?
True - CORRECT ANSWERS Sex of the conceptus is determined by the sperm. T/F?
midpiece - CORRECT ANSWERS The ___________ houses all mitochondria that allows the
sperm to swim to the egg.
Testes - head of epi - body of epi - tail of epi (storage) - vas deferens - CORRECT
ANSWERS What is the pathway of sperm in the male?
seminiferous tubules - CORRECT ANSWERS Androgen binding protein functions in
which structure or cell?
Change in morphology of the spermatid - CORRECT ANSWERS What process occurs in
the spermatid after the completion of meiosis?
Inhibin - CORRECT ANSWERS One factor that contributes to FSH pulses being a lower
magnitude than LH pulses is the negative feedback of which hormone that is secreted by
Sertoli cells?
Developing sperm cells would be attacked by the immune system - CORRECT ANSWERS
If the blood-testis barrier lost its ability to function, the consequences would be:
,REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
DETAILED BEST SOLUTION GRADED A+ FOR EXCELLENT PASS
testosterone - CORRECT ANSWERS Which hormone is kept at high concentrations in
the seminiferous tubule?
Sertoli cell tight junctions - CORRECT ANSWERS What is the principal component of
the blood-testis barrier?
testosterone - CORRECT ANSWERS In the male, a pulse release of LH triggers a pulse
release of what hormone?:
Examine various materials with the vomeronasal organ for the presence of pheromones
- CORRECT ANSWERS Males of some species practice the Flehmen response to:
vocalization - CORRECT ANSWERS Which sensory signal is most valuable for signaling
the opposite sex at a distance?
mounting, intromission, ejaculation - CORRECT ANSWERS What 3 acts does copulatory
behavior include?
standing to be mounted - CORRECT ANSWERS Which is one of the main copulatory
behaviors of the female?
decrease - CORRECT ANSWERS Would you like to increase or decrease the length of the
refractory period?
boar - CORRECT ANSWERS Which of the following species has the longest copulation
time?
a. Boar
b. Stallion
c. Bull
d. Ram
prey species - CORRECT ANSWERS What factors may have influenced the evolution of a
short copulation time?
, REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
DETAILED BEST SOLUTION GRADED A+ FOR EXCELLENT PASS
increase - CORRECT ANSWERS Would you expect a female in estrus to increase or
decrease her amount of physical activity?
posture, vocalization, pheromones - CORRECT ANSWERS What are 3 ways estrous
females attract males?
cow - CORRECT ANSWERS Name a species that shows homosexual mounting.
mare - CORRECT ANSWERS Name a species that shows clitoral exposure by labial
eversion.
cat - CORRECT ANSWERS Name a species that shows elevation of rear quarters and
hyperextension of the back.
estradiol - CORRECT ANSWERS Which hormone, acting through specific receptors in
the fetal brain, results in masculinization of the behavioral centers in the brain?
alpha-fetoprotein keeps estrogen from binding to receptors in the brain - CORRECT
ANSWERS How is estrogen in the female fetus prevented from binding to estrogen
receptors in the brain?
testosterone (brain will convert it to estradiol, which masculinizes the brain) -
CORRECT ANSWERS What hormone would you inject to masculinize the behavioral
centers in a female fetus?
yes - CORRECT ANSWERS Can other species detect the presence of estrous
pheromones?
vomeronasal - CORRECT ANSWERS What organ is used to detect less volatile
pheromones?
flehman response - CORRECT ANSWERS What is the name of the behavior that males
of certain species use to investigate bodily secretions for the presence of less volatile
pheromones?
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
DETAILED BEST SOLUTION GRADED A+ FOR EXCELLENT PASS
It would affect spermatogenesis because with chronic and high levels of LH, Leydig cells
become refractory and develop low LH receptivity. There would be a severe down
regulation of the GnRH and LH feedback system. As a result, testosterone secretion and
spermatogenesis would essentially stop. - CORRECT ANSWERS How would exogenous
anabolic steroids (i.e., androgens) affect spermatogenesis? Why?
There would be no immediate impact on serum concentrations. In about 24-48 hours,
the body will regulate itself back to normal and produce hormones. However, there will
be a loss of negative feedback in the long term, resulting in a decrease in LH and
testosterone. - CORRECT ANSWERS If one testis was removed from a bull, what would
be the immediate effect on serum concentrations of testosterone and LH? What would
be the long term effect?
Sertoli cells are located inside seminiferous tubules, whereas Leydig cells are located in
between the seminiferous tubules. - CORRECT ANSWERS What is the location and
nature of the Sertoli cells and Leydig cells?
GnRH antagonists cause suppression of gonadotropins such as LH and FSH. Without LH,
the Leydig cells will not be stimulated to produce testosterone. Without FSH, the Sertoli
cells would not be stimulated to secrete androgen binding proteins, which help keep
testosterone concentrations high in the seminiferous tubules. Both of these are
necessary for spermatogenesis, so the development of sperm would simply not occur. -
CORRECT ANSWERS GnRH antagonist is a potential male contraceptive. How does it
work?
Seminiferous tubules - CORRECT ANSWERS Where does spermatogenesis take place?
The first phase is called the proliferation phase, which consists of all mitotic divisions of
spermatogonia. In this phase, stem cell renewal also occurs. The second phase is the
meiotic phase, which begins with primary spermatocytes and ends with haploid
spermatids. Lastly there is the differentiation phase, in which the spermatozoon
emerges with a head, flagellum and midpiece, and principal piece. - CORRECT
ANSWERS Define the three stages of spermatogenesis.
Golgi, cap, acrosomal, maturation - CORRECT ANSWERS What are the four phases of
differentiation of a sperm?
This is when the first steps of acrosome development occur. Different vesicles fuse
together to create the acrosomal vesicle, while the flagellum anchor begins to form. -
CORRECT ANSWERS Describe the golgi phase of differentiation.
,REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
DETAILED BEST SOLUTION GRADED A+ FOR EXCELLENT PASS
The acrosome forms a distinct, easily recognized cap over the anterior portion of the
nucleus. The golgi body has done its job by packaging acrosomal contents and
membranes and begins to migrate away from the nucleus and disappears. The flagellum
begins to project from the spermatid. - CORRECT ANSWERS Describe the cap phase of
differentiation of a sperm?
The acrosome continues to spread until it covers 2/3 of the nucleus. The nucleus will
elongate, and the neck and annulus form. Then the sperm will become deeply embedded
in Sertoli cells. - CORRECT ANSWERS Describe the acrosomal phase of differentiation
of a sperm?
Mitochondria form a spiral assembly around the flagellum that defines the midpiece.
The postnuclear cap is formed. The annulus completes the juncture between the
midpiece and principle piece. - CORRECT ANSWERS Describe the maturation phase of
differentiation of a sperm?
True - CORRECT ANSWERS Sex of the conceptus is determined by the sperm. T/F?
midpiece - CORRECT ANSWERS The ___________ houses all mitochondria that allows the
sperm to swim to the egg.
Testes - head of epi - body of epi - tail of epi (storage) - vas deferens - CORRECT
ANSWERS What is the pathway of sperm in the male?
seminiferous tubules - CORRECT ANSWERS Androgen binding protein functions in
which structure or cell?
Change in morphology of the spermatid - CORRECT ANSWERS What process occurs in
the spermatid after the completion of meiosis?
Inhibin - CORRECT ANSWERS One factor that contributes to FSH pulses being a lower
magnitude than LH pulses is the negative feedback of which hormone that is secreted by
Sertoli cells?
Developing sperm cells would be attacked by the immune system - CORRECT ANSWERS
If the blood-testis barrier lost its ability to function, the consequences would be:
,REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
DETAILED BEST SOLUTION GRADED A+ FOR EXCELLENT PASS
testosterone - CORRECT ANSWERS Which hormone is kept at high concentrations in
the seminiferous tubule?
Sertoli cell tight junctions - CORRECT ANSWERS What is the principal component of
the blood-testis barrier?
testosterone - CORRECT ANSWERS In the male, a pulse release of LH triggers a pulse
release of what hormone?:
Examine various materials with the vomeronasal organ for the presence of pheromones
- CORRECT ANSWERS Males of some species practice the Flehmen response to:
vocalization - CORRECT ANSWERS Which sensory signal is most valuable for signaling
the opposite sex at a distance?
mounting, intromission, ejaculation - CORRECT ANSWERS What 3 acts does copulatory
behavior include?
standing to be mounted - CORRECT ANSWERS Which is one of the main copulatory
behaviors of the female?
decrease - CORRECT ANSWERS Would you like to increase or decrease the length of the
refractory period?
boar - CORRECT ANSWERS Which of the following species has the longest copulation
time?
a. Boar
b. Stallion
c. Bull
d. Ram
prey species - CORRECT ANSWERS What factors may have influenced the evolution of a
short copulation time?
, REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST UPDATE 2024/2025 ALL ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
DETAILED BEST SOLUTION GRADED A+ FOR EXCELLENT PASS
increase - CORRECT ANSWERS Would you expect a female in estrus to increase or
decrease her amount of physical activity?
posture, vocalization, pheromones - CORRECT ANSWERS What are 3 ways estrous
females attract males?
cow - CORRECT ANSWERS Name a species that shows homosexual mounting.
mare - CORRECT ANSWERS Name a species that shows clitoral exposure by labial
eversion.
cat - CORRECT ANSWERS Name a species that shows elevation of rear quarters and
hyperextension of the back.
estradiol - CORRECT ANSWERS Which hormone, acting through specific receptors in
the fetal brain, results in masculinization of the behavioral centers in the brain?
alpha-fetoprotein keeps estrogen from binding to receptors in the brain - CORRECT
ANSWERS How is estrogen in the female fetus prevented from binding to estrogen
receptors in the brain?
testosterone (brain will convert it to estradiol, which masculinizes the brain) -
CORRECT ANSWERS What hormone would you inject to masculinize the behavioral
centers in a female fetus?
yes - CORRECT ANSWERS Can other species detect the presence of estrous
pheromones?
vomeronasal - CORRECT ANSWERS What organ is used to detect less volatile
pheromones?
flehman response - CORRECT ANSWERS What is the name of the behavior that males
of certain species use to investigate bodily secretions for the presence of less volatile
pheromones?
