Test Bank For Theory And Practice Of
Counseling And Psychotherapy
A-B-C Model - ANSWER The temporal and causal sequence of
antecedents, behaviours and consequences
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy by Albert Ellis
A- Activating event
B- Belief
C- Consequence
People's problems do no stem from activiating events, but rather from
their beliefs.
Change one's belief about situations to change problematic emotions
(consequences)
Acting Out - ANSWER Ego defence mechanism whereby the
individual deals with emotional conflict or internal/external stressors by
ACTIONS rather than reflections or feelings.
Actualizing tendency - ANSWER An innate human predisposition
toward growth and fulfilling one's potential
Affiliation - ANSWER Ego defence mechanism whereby the
individual deals with emotional conflict or internal/external stressors by
turning to others for help or support
Anal Phase - ANSWER Second phase of psychosexual development
in Freud's theory, extending roughly from 18 months to 3 years of age
,(the period of toilet training), in which most libidinal pleasure is derived
from retaining and expelling feces
Anticipation - ANSWER Ego defence mechanism whereby the
individual deals with emotional conflict/internal/external stressors by
experiecning emotional reactions in advance of, or anticipating
consequences of possible future events and considering realistic,
alternative responses or solutions
Art/Expressive Arts Therapy - ANSWER Art and various creative
processes are used as a means of reconciling emotional conflicts and of
fostering self-awareness and personal growth. This approach is
applicable to a wide range of issues/populations/mental health
settings. It is particularly useful for individuals who are unable to speak
or having trouble expressing verbally.
Assertiveness Training - ANSWER A therapeutic technique, usually
involving behaviour rehearsals, in which people are taught frank,
honest, and direct expression of feelings, both positive and negative
Basic I.D - ANSWER The conceptual framework of Multimodal
Therapy (A. Lazarus) based on the premise that human personality can
be understood by assessing seven major areas of functioning:
behaviour, affective responses, sensations, images, cognitions,
interpersonal relationships, and drugs/biological functions
Basic Mistake - ANSWER Myth used to organize and shape one's
life. Examples include overgeneralizations, a desperate need for
security, misperceptions of life's demands, denial of one's worth and
faulty values.
Behavioural Therapy
,Representatives: B.F Skinner, J. Wolpe, D.L. Watson, A. A. Lazarus -
ANSWER Uses theories of how people learn to help promote
change, usually of a specific troublesome symptom.
The goal of behavioural therapy is to help clients change their
behaviour, using positive and negative reinforcement such as praise
and disapproval.
Bio-Energetics - ANSWER A technique by which individuals can
monitor their own physiological processes such as pulse, blood
pressure, and brain waves with mechanical aid, in order to manage
physical and/or psychological symptoms
Biofeedback - ANSWER Technique by which individuals can monitor
their own physiological processes such as pulse, blood pressure, and
brain waves with mechanical aid, in order to manage physical and/or
psychological symptoms
Biological Therapy - ANSWER This therapy is directed towards
understanding chemical imbalances in the body. It includes drug
therapy as a treatment method
Bio-psycho-social Approach
Rep: E. Erikson - ANSWER An approach aimed at understanding the
interactions between one's biological processes (the body),
psychological processes (the mind) and social circumstances (the family
and community environment). The goal is to assist clients in
understanding how these three factors may affect behaviour.
, Bowen Natural - ANSWER A "Family Systems" therapy in which
healthier family relationships are promoted by encouraging
constructive ways of relating in one family member
Brief Therapy - ANSWER Time-limited therapy, usually no more
than 15 sessions, which is goal-oriented, focused and directed toward
specific problems and solutions
Choice Therapy - ANSWER The view that humans are internally
motivated and behave to control the world around them according to
some purpose within them. We are basically self-determining and
create our own destiny.
(Reality Therapy- W. Glasser)
Closed family system - ANSWER A family structure characterized by
strict regulation that limits transactions with the external environment
and restricts incoming and outgoing people and information
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy - ANSWER This therapy is based on
the premise that the way people think and behave is influenced by their
environment and life experiences. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
involves guiding clients through experiences that will change the way
they think so that they can change behaviour. This may also be called
rational-emotive therapy.
Cognitive errors - ANSWER In cognitive therapy, the client's
misconceptions and faulty assumptions. Examples include arbitrary
inference, selective abstraction, overgeneralization, magnification,
polarized thinking and personalization.
Counseling And Psychotherapy
A-B-C Model - ANSWER The temporal and causal sequence of
antecedents, behaviours and consequences
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy by Albert Ellis
A- Activating event
B- Belief
C- Consequence
People's problems do no stem from activiating events, but rather from
their beliefs.
Change one's belief about situations to change problematic emotions
(consequences)
Acting Out - ANSWER Ego defence mechanism whereby the
individual deals with emotional conflict or internal/external stressors by
ACTIONS rather than reflections or feelings.
Actualizing tendency - ANSWER An innate human predisposition
toward growth and fulfilling one's potential
Affiliation - ANSWER Ego defence mechanism whereby the
individual deals with emotional conflict or internal/external stressors by
turning to others for help or support
Anal Phase - ANSWER Second phase of psychosexual development
in Freud's theory, extending roughly from 18 months to 3 years of age
,(the period of toilet training), in which most libidinal pleasure is derived
from retaining and expelling feces
Anticipation - ANSWER Ego defence mechanism whereby the
individual deals with emotional conflict/internal/external stressors by
experiecning emotional reactions in advance of, or anticipating
consequences of possible future events and considering realistic,
alternative responses or solutions
Art/Expressive Arts Therapy - ANSWER Art and various creative
processes are used as a means of reconciling emotional conflicts and of
fostering self-awareness and personal growth. This approach is
applicable to a wide range of issues/populations/mental health
settings. It is particularly useful for individuals who are unable to speak
or having trouble expressing verbally.
Assertiveness Training - ANSWER A therapeutic technique, usually
involving behaviour rehearsals, in which people are taught frank,
honest, and direct expression of feelings, both positive and negative
Basic I.D - ANSWER The conceptual framework of Multimodal
Therapy (A. Lazarus) based on the premise that human personality can
be understood by assessing seven major areas of functioning:
behaviour, affective responses, sensations, images, cognitions,
interpersonal relationships, and drugs/biological functions
Basic Mistake - ANSWER Myth used to organize and shape one's
life. Examples include overgeneralizations, a desperate need for
security, misperceptions of life's demands, denial of one's worth and
faulty values.
Behavioural Therapy
,Representatives: B.F Skinner, J. Wolpe, D.L. Watson, A. A. Lazarus -
ANSWER Uses theories of how people learn to help promote
change, usually of a specific troublesome symptom.
The goal of behavioural therapy is to help clients change their
behaviour, using positive and negative reinforcement such as praise
and disapproval.
Bio-Energetics - ANSWER A technique by which individuals can
monitor their own physiological processes such as pulse, blood
pressure, and brain waves with mechanical aid, in order to manage
physical and/or psychological symptoms
Biofeedback - ANSWER Technique by which individuals can monitor
their own physiological processes such as pulse, blood pressure, and
brain waves with mechanical aid, in order to manage physical and/or
psychological symptoms
Biological Therapy - ANSWER This therapy is directed towards
understanding chemical imbalances in the body. It includes drug
therapy as a treatment method
Bio-psycho-social Approach
Rep: E. Erikson - ANSWER An approach aimed at understanding the
interactions between one's biological processes (the body),
psychological processes (the mind) and social circumstances (the family
and community environment). The goal is to assist clients in
understanding how these three factors may affect behaviour.
, Bowen Natural - ANSWER A "Family Systems" therapy in which
healthier family relationships are promoted by encouraging
constructive ways of relating in one family member
Brief Therapy - ANSWER Time-limited therapy, usually no more
than 15 sessions, which is goal-oriented, focused and directed toward
specific problems and solutions
Choice Therapy - ANSWER The view that humans are internally
motivated and behave to control the world around them according to
some purpose within them. We are basically self-determining and
create our own destiny.
(Reality Therapy- W. Glasser)
Closed family system - ANSWER A family structure characterized by
strict regulation that limits transactions with the external environment
and restricts incoming and outgoing people and information
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy - ANSWER This therapy is based on
the premise that the way people think and behave is influenced by their
environment and life experiences. Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
involves guiding clients through experiences that will change the way
they think so that they can change behaviour. This may also be called
rational-emotive therapy.
Cognitive errors - ANSWER In cognitive therapy, the client's
misconceptions and faulty assumptions. Examples include arbitrary
inference, selective abstraction, overgeneralization, magnification,
polarized thinking and personalization.
