NURS 3500 – Cardiovascular Questions With Complete Solutions

NURS 3500 – Cardiovascular Questions With
Complete Solutions

4 Chambers of the Hearts Correct Answers 1 - Right atrium
2 - Right ventricle
3 - Left ventricle
4 - Left artium

4 Valves of the Heart Correct Answers 1 - Tricuspid
2 - Pulmonic
3 - Mitral
4 - Aortic

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Correct Answers - Aneurysm
which occurs in the abdominal portion of the aorta
- Frequently found w/ CT scan
- Most common type of aortic aneurysm

Acute Coronary Syndrome Correct Answers - Conditions
associated with sudden reduced blood flow to the heart
- Often causes severe chest pain or discomfort

Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) Correct Answers
- A sudden worsening of the signs and symptoms of heart failure

Acute Signs & Symptoms of Pericarditis Correct Answers -
Grating heart sound (pericardial rub r/t friction from
inflammation)
- Sudden, sharp pain over mid-to-lower sternum radiating out
- Pain decreases when pt leans forward

,- Teeth pain, anxiety, myalgia/muscle pain
- Dyspnea & tachycardia
- Arrhythmias

Afterload Correct Answers - Peripheral resistance against what
the left ventricle must pump

Alpha-1 receptors Correct Answers - Found in vascular smooth
muscle
- Stimulation = vasoconstriction (phenylephrine,
norepinephrine)
- Inhibition = vasodilation (carvedilol, labetalol)

Angina Pectoris Correct Answers - Narrowing of the blood
vessels leads to inadequate blood flow to heart muscle which
causes chest pain
- Stable angina = pain relieved by rest or nitrates
- Unstable angina = pain occurs at rest, increasing intensity,
force, duration, isn't relieved by rest & slow reaction to nitrates

Angiography Correct Answers - Test allowing a view inside
arteries, veins, and heart chambers
- Radioactive dye is injected into arteries and x-ray is done to
view blood flow through the heart

Aortic Aneurysm Correct Answers - Weakening of wall near
aorta causes balloon bulge as blood flows through the aorta
- Blood flow over time because more turbulent and can cause
the area to increase in size (Aneurysm) and possibly rupture
- Commonly caused by atherosclerosis or degeneration of
smooth muscle r/t trauma, infection, or congenital defect

,Aortic Valve Stenosis Correct Answers - Aortic valve narrows
preventing valve from opening fully
- Obstructs blood flow causing the heart to need to pump harder

Arteries which supply heart w/ blood? Correct Answers
Coronary arteries

Arterioles Correct Answers - Small in diameter blood vessel w/
1-2 layers of smooth muscle tissue
- Branches off from artery to capillaries

Artery Correct Answers - Large muscular walled tubes in the
circulatory system
- Carries oxygenated blood to all parts of the body

Asystole Correct Answers - No ventricular electrical activity
- Unresponsive usually, pulseless
- May see a P-wave, slight impulse still making its way through
Atria but no contraction
- Lethal dysrhythmia

Atheromas Correct Answers - Fatty deposits

Atherosclerosis Correct Answers - Narrowing and hardening of
blood vessels
- Silently and slowly blocks arteries putting blood flow at risk

Atrial Fibrillation Correct Answers - Over firing of electrical
impulses from atrium causing heart to quiver
- Blood ineffectively pumped to the ventricles

, - Most common chronic arrhythmia

Beta-1 receptors Correct Answers - Found in heart
- Stimulation = increased contractility and heart rate
(norepinephrine, dobutamine)
- Inhibition = decreased rate and cardiac output (metoprolol,
atenolol)

Beta-2 receptors Correct Answers - Found in smooth muscle
such as bronchi, coronary arteries, and skeletal muscle arteries
- Stimulation = smooth muscle relaxation (albuterol)
- Inhibition = vasoconstriction (propranolol)

Blood flow through Heart Correct Answers - Enters through
superior & inferior vena cava, empties into right atrium
- Right atrium contracts and sends blood to right ventricle
through tricuspid valve (When ventricle is full, valve shuts to
prevent backflow)
- As ventricle contracts, blood leaves through pulmonic valve
into the pulmonary artery and then into lungs to be oxygenated
- Pulmonary vein empties oxygenated blood into left atrium
- Left atrium contracts and sends blood into left ventricle
through mitral valve (When ventricle is full, valve shuts to
prevent backflow)
- When ventricle contracts blood is pushed through aortic valve
into the aorta and then is distributed throughout the body

Bradycardia Correct Answers - Slow, irregular HR

C-reactive Protein (CRP) Correct Answers - Measures general
levels of inflammation in your body