Pulmonary Patho Objectives UCF NUR 3125 Exam 2
Questions With Complete Solutions
1) Hypercapnia
2) Hypocapnia Correct Answers 1) too much CO2 in blood due
to hypoventillation = resp. acidosis
2) reduced CO 2 levels in blood due to hyperventillation = resp.
alkalosis
1) Hypoventilation:
2) Hyperventilation: Correct Answers 1) inadequate alveolar
ventilation in relation to metabolic demand
2) alveolar ventilation exceeding metabolic demands (rapid deep
breathing)
A 2-year-old male presents with fever and cough. He is
diagnosed with pneumonia. While planning treatment for this
patient, the nurse recognizes that which of the following is the
most likely cause?
A) Viruses
B) Bacteria
C) Mycoplasma species
D) Toxic inhalations Correct Answers A
,Viral pneumonia is more common than bacterial pneumonia,
and children are 2 to 3 times more likely than adults to acquire
these viruses.
A 9-year-old male contracted influenza. Which of the following
complications is of greatest concern to the nurse?
A) Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
B) Bronchiolitis obliterans
C) Chronic bronchitis
D) Emphysema Correct Answers B) Bronchiolitis obliterans
Accumulation of air in pleural space Correct Answers
Pneumothorax
Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space Correct Answers
Pleural effusion
adventitious lung sounds Correct Answers Crackles
- fine/"rales"
> late inspiratory = RESTRICTIVE disease: pneumonia, heart
failure, interstitial fibrosis (can be posture-induced)
> early inspiratory = OBSTRUCTIVE disease: chronic
bronchitis, asthma, emphysema
- course
> pulmonary edema, pneumonia, pulm. fibrosis, and term. ill
w/depressed cough reflex
- atelectatic crackles
> minor from age/bedridden/just aroused from sleep
Pleural Friction Rub
, - pleuritis/problems resulting in reduction of pleural fluid
Wheeze
- high pitched = airway obs. from acute asthma/emphysema
- low pitched = bronchitis or single bronchus obstruction from
airway tumor
Stridor
- heard in neck
- can be croup/foreign item inhalation/obs. airway
Breathing is "controlled" by what gas level? Correct Answers
CO2
hypercapnea is MORE effective than hypoxia to increase
respirations
Bronchiolitis Correct Answers cause: RSV
◦ Inflammatory obstruction of the small airways
◦ Most common in children
◦ Occurs in adults with chronic bronchitis, in association with a
viral infection, or with inhalation of toxic gases
chronic bronchitis Correct Answers ** prod. cough @ least 3
months of yr for 2 yrs in a row**
airway obstruction due to bronchial inflammation/bronchial
smooth muscle hypertrophy, resulting in thick tenacious mucus
Risks:
◦ exposure to irritants
Questions With Complete Solutions
1) Hypercapnia
2) Hypocapnia Correct Answers 1) too much CO2 in blood due
to hypoventillation = resp. acidosis
2) reduced CO 2 levels in blood due to hyperventillation = resp.
alkalosis
1) Hypoventilation:
2) Hyperventilation: Correct Answers 1) inadequate alveolar
ventilation in relation to metabolic demand
2) alveolar ventilation exceeding metabolic demands (rapid deep
breathing)
A 2-year-old male presents with fever and cough. He is
diagnosed with pneumonia. While planning treatment for this
patient, the nurse recognizes that which of the following is the
most likely cause?
A) Viruses
B) Bacteria
C) Mycoplasma species
D) Toxic inhalations Correct Answers A
,Viral pneumonia is more common than bacterial pneumonia,
and children are 2 to 3 times more likely than adults to acquire
these viruses.
A 9-year-old male contracted influenza. Which of the following
complications is of greatest concern to the nurse?
A) Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
B) Bronchiolitis obliterans
C) Chronic bronchitis
D) Emphysema Correct Answers B) Bronchiolitis obliterans
Accumulation of air in pleural space Correct Answers
Pneumothorax
Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space Correct Answers
Pleural effusion
adventitious lung sounds Correct Answers Crackles
- fine/"rales"
> late inspiratory = RESTRICTIVE disease: pneumonia, heart
failure, interstitial fibrosis (can be posture-induced)
> early inspiratory = OBSTRUCTIVE disease: chronic
bronchitis, asthma, emphysema
- course
> pulmonary edema, pneumonia, pulm. fibrosis, and term. ill
w/depressed cough reflex
- atelectatic crackles
> minor from age/bedridden/just aroused from sleep
Pleural Friction Rub
, - pleuritis/problems resulting in reduction of pleural fluid
Wheeze
- high pitched = airway obs. from acute asthma/emphysema
- low pitched = bronchitis or single bronchus obstruction from
airway tumor
Stridor
- heard in neck
- can be croup/foreign item inhalation/obs. airway
Breathing is "controlled" by what gas level? Correct Answers
CO2
hypercapnea is MORE effective than hypoxia to increase
respirations
Bronchiolitis Correct Answers cause: RSV
◦ Inflammatory obstruction of the small airways
◦ Most common in children
◦ Occurs in adults with chronic bronchitis, in association with a
viral infection, or with inhalation of toxic gases
chronic bronchitis Correct Answers ** prod. cough @ least 3
months of yr for 2 yrs in a row**
airway obstruction due to bronchial inflammation/bronchial
smooth muscle hypertrophy, resulting in thick tenacious mucus
Risks:
◦ exposure to irritants
