Rosh Review Guide Exam Questions and Correct Answers

Rosh Review Guide Exam Questions and Correct Answers A 14-year-old girl present with a pruritic rash since yesterday. She began amoxicillin for acute pharyngitis three days ago. She still complains of sore throat, pain with swallowing, fatigue, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Physical exam reveals a diffuse, morbilliform rash. Which of the following is the most appropriate test to order? CORRECT ANSWER-Monospot A 15-year-old boy presents with acute onset, atraumatic unilateral eyelid swelling. Examination reveals supratemporal orbital edema and tenderness. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Dacyroadenitis (inflammation of lacrimal gland) A 27-gestational-week-old infant is delivered in the emergency department. The neonate is cyanotic, tachypneic and shows chest wall retractions. An emergent chest radiograph reveals a diffuse ground-glass appearance. Meconium aspiration is not suspected. What is the most likely diagnosis? - CORRECT ANSWER-Infant respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease) A 3-year-old boy presents with bleeding from his mouth after a fall. On examination, he has a completely avulsed front tooth. His mom has the tooth in her hand. The patient is otherwise well appearing, and the bleeding has stopped. What management is indicated? - CORRECT ANSWER-Do not replace the tooth and arrange follow-up with dentist A 34-year old woman is diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and started on hydroxychloroquine. What screening exam should be performed annually? - CORRECT ANSWER-Eye exam (chronic use can lead to corneal and macular toxicity) A 36-year-old woman presents with numbness of her arms and legs for 2 hours. She is status post total thyroidectomy 3 days prior to presentation and is on thyroid hormone replacement therapy. Vital signs are normal and the patient's exam is significant for a clean, well-healing surgical incision on her neck and twitching at the corners of the mouth with tapping at the angle of the jaw. After intravenous repletion of the suspected electrolyte disorder the patient remains persistently low. What is the next step in management? - CORRECT ANSWER-Obtain a magnesium level A 4-year-old girl presents to the office with lymphadenitis of several left cervical lymph nodes. An erythematous papule is noted on the left hand. What is the treatment of choice? - CORRECT ANSWER-Azithromycin A 73-year-old man presents with painless vision loss in the right eye. Which of the following on funduscopic examination is most characteristic of central retinal vein occlusion? - CORRECT ANSWER-Retinal hemorrhage