Pharmacology test 1 / Revised Questions and
Answers / Sure A+
Absorption can influence drug actions - Absorption- Refers to the process by which drugs are
absorbed by the body.
1) orally =by mouth - most common way
2) GI tract= enterally
3) IM= in the muscle
4) IV = in the vein
5) percutaneous = through the skin or mucous membranes (Topical gel)
Age can influence drug actions - Pediatric and geriatric patients require special consideration
when medication is administered.
Differences in muscle mass, blood flow and inactivity in patients who are bedridden make absorption
unpredictable.
(Ex: topical administration with percutaneous absorption is very effective on infants because ( stratum
Corneum) outer layer of skin is not fully developed making water-soluble drugs easily absorbed.
Agonists- stimulates a response - Drugs that interact with a receptor to stimulate a response
Allergic reaction - Occur among patients who have previously been exposed to a drug and whose
immune systems have developed antibodies to the drug. On re- exposure to the drug, the antibodies
cause a reaction
Such as "hives", which cause severe itching or urticaria.
Antagonists- Does NOT stimulate a response - Drugs that attach to a receptor but DO NOT
stimulate a response.
Aspirin 81mg tablet - At this dose it's used as an anti-platelet, effective at preventing heart attack
or stroke.
, Biological therapies - Were discovered that have transformed treatment of patients with disorders
that attack the body's own organs, tissues, and cells or (autoimmune disorders), blood ( hematologic
disorders), and cancers.
Black box warning - If safety concerns are identified after a drug is approved for marketing, the
FDA can issue a Black box warning.
When a medications Risks and dangers outweigh its benefits.
strongest safety warning a drug can carry and still remain on the market.
Brand name- trademark - private property of the individual drug manufacturer and no competitor
may use it. It is followed by a symbol R which indicates the drug name is registered and restricted from
anyone's else from using it.
The first letter of the Brand name is Calitalized.
Breastfeeding infants - If medicine is being taken by the lactating mother, a nurse should
encourage the mother to take the medication immediately AFTER the infant finishes breastfeeding or
BEFORE the infants longer sleep cycles.
Carcinogenicity - Is the ability of a drug to induce living cells to mutate and become cancerous.
Chemical name - Meaningful to the chemist, the chemist understand the atoms and molecular
structure of the drug.
Common adverse effects - Mild effects of a drug
Controlled substance act - law that established penalties for possession, use, or distribution of
illegal drugs and established five schedules for classifying drugs
cumulative effect - Whereby a drug can accumulate in the body if another dose is given before the
first dose has had time to metabolize or excrete.
Answers / Sure A+
Absorption can influence drug actions - Absorption- Refers to the process by which drugs are
absorbed by the body.
1) orally =by mouth - most common way
2) GI tract= enterally
3) IM= in the muscle
4) IV = in the vein
5) percutaneous = through the skin or mucous membranes (Topical gel)
Age can influence drug actions - Pediatric and geriatric patients require special consideration
when medication is administered.
Differences in muscle mass, blood flow and inactivity in patients who are bedridden make absorption
unpredictable.
(Ex: topical administration with percutaneous absorption is very effective on infants because ( stratum
Corneum) outer layer of skin is not fully developed making water-soluble drugs easily absorbed.
Agonists- stimulates a response - Drugs that interact with a receptor to stimulate a response
Allergic reaction - Occur among patients who have previously been exposed to a drug and whose
immune systems have developed antibodies to the drug. On re- exposure to the drug, the antibodies
cause a reaction
Such as "hives", which cause severe itching or urticaria.
Antagonists- Does NOT stimulate a response - Drugs that attach to a receptor but DO NOT
stimulate a response.
Aspirin 81mg tablet - At this dose it's used as an anti-platelet, effective at preventing heart attack
or stroke.
, Biological therapies - Were discovered that have transformed treatment of patients with disorders
that attack the body's own organs, tissues, and cells or (autoimmune disorders), blood ( hematologic
disorders), and cancers.
Black box warning - If safety concerns are identified after a drug is approved for marketing, the
FDA can issue a Black box warning.
When a medications Risks and dangers outweigh its benefits.
strongest safety warning a drug can carry and still remain on the market.
Brand name- trademark - private property of the individual drug manufacturer and no competitor
may use it. It is followed by a symbol R which indicates the drug name is registered and restricted from
anyone's else from using it.
The first letter of the Brand name is Calitalized.
Breastfeeding infants - If medicine is being taken by the lactating mother, a nurse should
encourage the mother to take the medication immediately AFTER the infant finishes breastfeeding or
BEFORE the infants longer sleep cycles.
Carcinogenicity - Is the ability of a drug to induce living cells to mutate and become cancerous.
Chemical name - Meaningful to the chemist, the chemist understand the atoms and molecular
structure of the drug.
Common adverse effects - Mild effects of a drug
Controlled substance act - law that established penalties for possession, use, or distribution of
illegal drugs and established five schedules for classifying drugs
cumulative effect - Whereby a drug can accumulate in the body if another dose is given before the
first dose has had time to metabolize or excrete.
