CCJ 4700 Exam 2 Stewart Questions and Correct Answers | Latest Update

What are the 3 components of a classical experiment? -:- 1)Pre & Post-Testing 2)Experimental & Control groups 3)Random Assignment ____________ Assignment Is a central feature of the classical experiment -:- Random Assignment Random assignment... -:- Reduces sources of bias & Creates equivalent groups Criteria for causality: -:- 1)Cause must come before effect 2)We have to show cause(x) came before effect(y) 3)We have to rule out rival explanations Threats to internal validity: 2 | P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 4 / 2 0 2 5 2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel! -:- -History(past events may confound results) -Testing(Retesting influences peoples behavior) -Selection Bias(volunteers may choose to participate in certain study) Why do we use sampling? -:- Bc... Its often not possible to collect info from all persons we wish to study & Its often not necessary Two things to do when selecting samples: -:- Select samples to represent a larger pop. of people/things & generalize from a sample to an unobserved population the sample is intended to represent When is a sample "representative" of the population? -:- When the aggregate characteristics of the sample closely approx. those same characteristics in the population 2 adv. of population samples: 3 | P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 4 / 2 0 2 5 2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel! -:- -Typically more representative than other types of samples because they avoid biases -Permits us to estimate the accuracy of the sample Why is standard error important? -:- Bc it indicates how closely the sample estimates will be distributed around the population parameter As sample size increase ---> Standard error _______ -:- Decreases If sample size is quadrupled then standard error is: -:- Reduced by 1/2 What is the sampling Frame? -:- List of the population that one is interested in studying What are the types of probability samples? 4 | P a g e | G r a d e A + | 2 0 2 4 / 2 0 2 5 2 0 2 4 /2025 | © copyright | This work may not be copied for profit gain | Excel! -:- -SRS -Systematic -Stratified -Cluster