TEST BANK FOR
0 0
Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 01: Introduction
0 0
MULTIPLE0CHOICE
1. Which0of0the0following0is0an0example0of0tertiary0prevention?
a. Vaccination0for0rotavirus0for0children0 younger0than0the0age0of010 year
b. Surgical0amputation0of0an0extremity0with0osteosarcoma0(bone0cancer)
c. Screening0for0gestational0diabetes0after0240weeks0of0pregnancy
d. Sexual0education0program0in0elementary0schools
e. Increasing0taxes0for0buying0cigarettes0
ANS:0B
Surgical0amputation0of0an0extremity0with0osteosarcoma0(bone0cancer)0is0an0example0in0which0
when0a0disease0is0present0the0treatment0(amputation)0is0done0to0reduce0the0impact0of0disease0b
y0preventing0the0tumor0from0dissemination.0Vaccination0for0rotavirus0for0children0younger0tha
n0the0age0of010year,0sexual0education0program0in0elementary0schools,0and0increasing0taxes0for0
buying0cigarettes0represent0examples0of0primary0prevention.0Screening0for0gestational0diabete
s0after0240weeks0of0pregnancy0is0an0example0of0secondary0prevention.
2. This0historic0character0observed0that0childbed0fever0mortality0was0more0common0among0
women0treated0by0physicians0and0medical0students0compared0with0women0treated0by0midw
ives.0Based0on0his0observations,0he0implemented0a0hand0wash0policy0that0resulted0in0a0decre
ase0in0mortality.0Name0the0character0that0we0are0talking0about.
a. John0Snow
b. Edward0Jenner
c. D.A.0Henderson
d. Leon0Gordis
e. Ignaz0Semmelweis
ANS:0E
0
Ignaz0Semmelweis0identified0that0medical0students0and0physicians0transmitted0the0disease0by0
not0washing0their0hands0after0examining0bodies0at0autopsies0and0conducting0multiple0examin
ations0in0the0clinic.
3. Thanks0to0the0contributions0of0Edward0Jenner,0the0following0disease0was0eradicated0later0
by0efforts0organized0by0D.A.0Henderson:
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
,Test0Bank 1-2
ANS:0B
Smallpox0was0eradicated0in01980.0Edward0Jenner0vaccinated0James0Phipps0in017960against0
smallpox.0Almost02000years0later,0the0World0Health0Organization0(WHO)0commissioned
D.A.0Henderson0to0lead0the0efforts0to0eradicate0the0disease.
4. Over0the0past0century,0a0marked0decline0in0the0mortality0rates0of0many0infectious0diseases0
has0been0observed.0Which0of0the0following0is0the0most0likely0reason0for0the0observed0decline0
in0mortality0rates0from0common0infectious0diseases?
a. Development0of0penicillin
b. Development0of0insulin
c. Development0of0vaccines
d. Improvement0in0social0conditions
e. Worse0sanitation0and0unsafe0water0
ANS:0D
Although0medical0treatments0potentially0helped0in0the0decrease0of0infectious0diseases,0the0
advancement0in0social0conditions0played0a0major0role.0These0improvements0include0better0
sanitation,0safe0disposal0of0waste,0better0nutrition,0and0improvement0in0housing0conditions.
Chapter002:0The0Dynamics0of0Disease0Transmission
Test0Bank0MULTIPL
E0CHOICE
1. Which0term0most0accurately0describes0the0following0definition?0“The0occurrence0in0a0co
mmunity0or0region0of0cases0of0an0illness,0specific0health-related0behavior,0or0other0health-
0related0events0clearly0in0excess0of0normal0expectancy.”0[Porta0M,0ed.0A0Dictionary0of0Epide
miology.0New0York:0Oxford0University0Press;02014.]
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack0rate
e. Incubation0period
ANS:0B
0
An0epidemic0is0the0occurrence0of0health-
related0events0in0a0community0or0region,0in0clear0excess0of0normal0expectation.0Endemic0is0
not0true0because0it0is0defined0as0the0constant0occurrence0of0a0disease,0disorder,0or0noxious0in
fectious0agent0in0a0geographic0area0or0population0group.0Pandemic0is0not0true0because0it0is0d
efined0as0an0epidemic0occurring0over0a0very0wide0area,0crossing0international0boundaries,0an
d0usually0affecting0a0large0number0of
Copyright0©020200by0Elsevier,0Inc.0All0rights0reserved
.
,Test0Bank 1-3
people.0Attack0rate0is0not0true0because0it0is0defined0as0number0of0people0at0risk0in0whom0a0c
ertain0illness0develops0over0total0number0of0people0at0risk.0Incubation0period0is0not0true0bec
ause0it0is0the0interval0from0receipt0of0infection0to0the0time0of0onset0of0clinical0illness0(the0ons
et0of0recognizable0symptoms).
2. What0is0the0most0accurate0definition0of0the0incubation0period0(of0an0infectious0disease)?
a. The0time0of0onset0of0clinical0illness0or0the0onset0of0recognizable0symptoms
b. The0interval0from0receipt0of0infection0to0the0time0of0onset0of0clinical0illness0(the0onset0of
0recognizable0symptoms)
c. The0time0of0invasion0by0an0infectious0agent
d. The0time0between0initiation0of0infection0and0first0shedding0or0excretion0of0the0agent
e. The0period0between0exposure0and0the0onset0of0infectiousness
ANS:0B
0
The0incubation0period0is0defined0as0the0interval0from0receipt0of0infection0to0the0time0of0onset0
of0clinical0illness0(the0onset0of0recognizable0symptoms);0in0other0words,0the0time0between0the0
moment0of0developing0symptoms0and0the0moment0of0invasion0by0an0infectious0agent.0“The0ti
me0of0onset0of0clinical0illness0or0the0onset0of0recognizable0symptoms”0is0not0true0as0it0corresp
onds0to0“time0of0onset.”0“The0time0of0invasion0by0an0infectious0agent”0is0not0true0as0it0corresp
onds0to0“time0of0infection.”0“The0time0between0initiation0of0infection0and0first0shedding0or0ex
cretion0of0the0agent”0and0“The0period0between0exposure0and0the0onset0of0infectiousness”0are0
not0true0as0they0correspond0to0the0latent0period.0(The0latent0period0is0focusing0on0the0onset0of0
infectiousness,0but0the0incubation0period0is0focusing0on0the0onset0of0the0symptom.)
3. There0was0a0food0poisoning0outbreak0on0April01,02018,0at0the0City0Z0Food0Safety0Conferen
ce.0There0were01,0000people0registered0for0the0conference0with0luncheon,01000volunteers0to0h
ost0attendees,0and0500people0who0served0the0luncheon0during0the0conference.0Except0for0500p
eople0who0served0the0food,0all0of0the0participants0and0volunteers0ate0the0food0from0the0lunche
on0at0the0conference0on0April01,02018.0Based0only0on0the0information0given0in0this0question,0h
ow0many0people0are0at0risk0in0this0food0poisoning0outbreak?
a.01,000
b.01,100
c.01,150
d.0150
e.0500A
NS:0B
People0at0risk0in0this0outbreak0are0people0who0were0exposed0to0the0food0at0the0conference.0E
ven0though01,1500people0were0at0the0conference,0500people0who0served0the0food0did0not0eat0t
he0food.0Therefore0we0have0to0exclude0those0500people.
4. There0was0a0food0poisoning0outbreak0on0April01,02018,0at0the0City0Z0Food0Safety0Confer
ence.0There0were01,0000people0registered0for0the0conference0with0luncheon,01000volunteers0
to0host0attendees,0and0500people0who0served0the0luncheon0during0the0conference.0Except0for0
500people0who0served0the0food,0all0of0the0participants0and0volunteers0ate0the0food
Copyright0©020200by0Elsevier,0Inc.0All0rights0reserved
.
, Test0Bank 1-4
from0the0luncheon0at0the0conference0on0April01,02018.0After0an0initial0outbreak0of0food0poiso
ning0is0reported,0an0epidemiologist0sends0surveys0to0all0people0at0risk0to0investigate0the0cause
.0However,0only09000people0among0those0at0risk0answer0the0survey.0After0analysis0of09000sur
vey0results,0the0epidemiologist0concludes0that0the0most0suspected0foods0in0the0outbreak0are0p
epperoni0pizza0and0meatball0spaghetti.0What0is0the0overall0attack0rate0for0those0who0ate0meat
ball0spaghetti?0Use0the0following0table0to0answer0the0question.
Summary0of0Survey0Responses
Number0of0people0who0devel Number0of0people0who0ate0the0
oped0the0case0definition0symp food
toms
Pepperoni0pizza0only 113 275
Meatball0spaghetti0only 62 375
Both0pepperoni0pizza0and0 57 150
meatball0spaghetti
Neither0of0pepperoni0pizza0or0 10 100
meatball0spaghetti
a.041%
b.038%
c.027%
d.040%
e.023%0
ANS:0E
To0calculate0the0food-
specific0attack0rate,0we0need0to0define0how0many0people0are0exposed0to0the0specific0food0and0
how0many0people0develop0the0symptoms0in0the0case0definition.0In0this0question,0we0are0askin
g0about0“overall”0attack0rate0in0those0people0who0ate0meatball0spaghetti,0so0we0have0to0add0“
meatball0spaghetti0only”0and0“both0pepperoni0pizza0and0meatball0spaghetti”0to0get0the0overall
0rate.0Which0is05250(3750plus0150),0who0are0at0risk0of0exposure,0and01190(620plus057),0who0de
veloped0the0symptoms,0corresponding0to023%0of0attack0rate.
5. There0was0a0food0poisoning0outbreak0on0April01,02018,0at0the0City0Z0Food0Safety0Confere
nce.0There0were01,0000people0registered0for0the0conference0with0luncheon,01000volunteers0t
o0host0attendees,0and0500people0who0served0the0luncheon0during0the0conference.0Except0for0
500people0who0served0the0food,0all0of0the0participants0and0volunteers0ate0the0food0from0the0lu
ncheon0at0the0conference0on0April01,02018.0After0an0initial0outbreak0of0food0poisoning0is0rep
orted,0an0epidemiologist0sends0surveys0to0all0people0at0risk0to0investigate0the0cause.0However
,0only09000people0among0those0at0risk0answer0the0survey.0After0analysis0of09000survey0result
s,0the0epidemiologist0concludes0that0the0most0suspected0foods0in0the0outbreak0are0pepperoni0
pizza0and0meatball0spaghetti.0What0is0the0most0suspected0food0for0food0poisoning0after0cros
s-
tabulation?0Use0the0following0table0to0answer0the0question.0Summary0of0Survey0Responses
Number0of0people0who Number0of0people0who0ate0the
Copyright0©020200by0Elsevier,0Inc.0All0rights0reserved
.
0 0
Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chapter 01: Introduction
0 0
MULTIPLE0CHOICE
1. Which0of0the0following0is0an0example0of0tertiary0prevention?
a. Vaccination0for0rotavirus0for0children0 younger0than0the0age0of010 year
b. Surgical0amputation0of0an0extremity0with0osteosarcoma0(bone0cancer)
c. Screening0for0gestational0diabetes0after0240weeks0of0pregnancy
d. Sexual0education0program0in0elementary0schools
e. Increasing0taxes0for0buying0cigarettes0
ANS:0B
Surgical0amputation0of0an0extremity0with0osteosarcoma0(bone0cancer)0is0an0example0in0which0
when0a0disease0is0present0the0treatment0(amputation)0is0done0to0reduce0the0impact0of0disease0b
y0preventing0the0tumor0from0dissemination.0Vaccination0for0rotavirus0for0children0younger0tha
n0the0age0of010year,0sexual0education0program0in0elementary0schools,0and0increasing0taxes0for0
buying0cigarettes0represent0examples0of0primary0prevention.0Screening0for0gestational0diabete
s0after0240weeks0of0pregnancy0is0an0example0of0secondary0prevention.
2. This0historic0character0observed0that0childbed0fever0mortality0was0more0common0among0
women0treated0by0physicians0and0medical0students0compared0with0women0treated0by0midw
ives.0Based0on0his0observations,0he0implemented0a0hand0wash0policy0that0resulted0in0a0decre
ase0in0mortality.0Name0the0character0that0we0are0talking0about.
a. John0Snow
b. Edward0Jenner
c. D.A.0Henderson
d. Leon0Gordis
e. Ignaz0Semmelweis
ANS:0E
0
Ignaz0Semmelweis0identified0that0medical0students0and0physicians0transmitted0the0disease0by0
not0washing0their0hands0after0examining0bodies0at0autopsies0and0conducting0multiple0examin
ations0in0the0clinic.
3. Thanks0to0the0contributions0of0Edward0Jenner,0the0following0disease0was0eradicated0later0
by0efforts0organized0by0D.A.0Henderson:
a. Cholera
b. Smallpox
c. Chickenpox
d. Polio
e. Zika
,Test0Bank 1-2
ANS:0B
Smallpox0was0eradicated0in01980.0Edward0Jenner0vaccinated0James0Phipps0in017960against0
smallpox.0Almost02000years0later,0the0World0Health0Organization0(WHO)0commissioned
D.A.0Henderson0to0lead0the0efforts0to0eradicate0the0disease.
4. Over0the0past0century,0a0marked0decline0in0the0mortality0rates0of0many0infectious0diseases0
has0been0observed.0Which0of0the0following0is0the0most0likely0reason0for0the0observed0decline0
in0mortality0rates0from0common0infectious0diseases?
a. Development0of0penicillin
b. Development0of0insulin
c. Development0of0vaccines
d. Improvement0in0social0conditions
e. Worse0sanitation0and0unsafe0water0
ANS:0D
Although0medical0treatments0potentially0helped0in0the0decrease0of0infectious0diseases,0the0
advancement0in0social0conditions0played0a0major0role.0These0improvements0include0better0
sanitation,0safe0disposal0of0waste,0better0nutrition,0and0improvement0in0housing0conditions.
Chapter002:0The0Dynamics0of0Disease0Transmission
Test0Bank0MULTIPL
E0CHOICE
1. Which0term0most0accurately0describes0the0following0definition?0“The0occurrence0in0a0co
mmunity0or0region0of0cases0of0an0illness,0specific0health-related0behavior,0or0other0health-
0related0events0clearly0in0excess0of0normal0expectancy.”0[Porta0M,0ed.0A0Dictionary0of0Epide
miology.0New0York:0Oxford0University0Press;02014.]
a. Endemic
b. Epidemic
c. Pandemic
d. Attack0rate
e. Incubation0period
ANS:0B
0
An0epidemic0is0the0occurrence0of0health-
related0events0in0a0community0or0region,0in0clear0excess0of0normal0expectation.0Endemic0is0
not0true0because0it0is0defined0as0the0constant0occurrence0of0a0disease,0disorder,0or0noxious0in
fectious0agent0in0a0geographic0area0or0population0group.0Pandemic0is0not0true0because0it0is0d
efined0as0an0epidemic0occurring0over0a0very0wide0area,0crossing0international0boundaries,0an
d0usually0affecting0a0large0number0of
Copyright0©020200by0Elsevier,0Inc.0All0rights0reserved
.
,Test0Bank 1-3
people.0Attack0rate0is0not0true0because0it0is0defined0as0number0of0people0at0risk0in0whom0a0c
ertain0illness0develops0over0total0number0of0people0at0risk.0Incubation0period0is0not0true0bec
ause0it0is0the0interval0from0receipt0of0infection0to0the0time0of0onset0of0clinical0illness0(the0ons
et0of0recognizable0symptoms).
2. What0is0the0most0accurate0definition0of0the0incubation0period0(of0an0infectious0disease)?
a. The0time0of0onset0of0clinical0illness0or0the0onset0of0recognizable0symptoms
b. The0interval0from0receipt0of0infection0to0the0time0of0onset0of0clinical0illness0(the0onset0of
0recognizable0symptoms)
c. The0time0of0invasion0by0an0infectious0agent
d. The0time0between0initiation0of0infection0and0first0shedding0or0excretion0of0the0agent
e. The0period0between0exposure0and0the0onset0of0infectiousness
ANS:0B
0
The0incubation0period0is0defined0as0the0interval0from0receipt0of0infection0to0the0time0of0onset0
of0clinical0illness0(the0onset0of0recognizable0symptoms);0in0other0words,0the0time0between0the0
moment0of0developing0symptoms0and0the0moment0of0invasion0by0an0infectious0agent.0“The0ti
me0of0onset0of0clinical0illness0or0the0onset0of0recognizable0symptoms”0is0not0true0as0it0corresp
onds0to0“time0of0onset.”0“The0time0of0invasion0by0an0infectious0agent”0is0not0true0as0it0corresp
onds0to0“time0of0infection.”0“The0time0between0initiation0of0infection0and0first0shedding0or0ex
cretion0of0the0agent”0and0“The0period0between0exposure0and0the0onset0of0infectiousness”0are0
not0true0as0they0correspond0to0the0latent0period.0(The0latent0period0is0focusing0on0the0onset0of0
infectiousness,0but0the0incubation0period0is0focusing0on0the0onset0of0the0symptom.)
3. There0was0a0food0poisoning0outbreak0on0April01,02018,0at0the0City0Z0Food0Safety0Conferen
ce.0There0were01,0000people0registered0for0the0conference0with0luncheon,01000volunteers0to0h
ost0attendees,0and0500people0who0served0the0luncheon0during0the0conference.0Except0for0500p
eople0who0served0the0food,0all0of0the0participants0and0volunteers0ate0the0food0from0the0lunche
on0at0the0conference0on0April01,02018.0Based0only0on0the0information0given0in0this0question,0h
ow0many0people0are0at0risk0in0this0food0poisoning0outbreak?
a.01,000
b.01,100
c.01,150
d.0150
e.0500A
NS:0B
People0at0risk0in0this0outbreak0are0people0who0were0exposed0to0the0food0at0the0conference.0E
ven0though01,1500people0were0at0the0conference,0500people0who0served0the0food0did0not0eat0t
he0food.0Therefore0we0have0to0exclude0those0500people.
4. There0was0a0food0poisoning0outbreak0on0April01,02018,0at0the0City0Z0Food0Safety0Confer
ence.0There0were01,0000people0registered0for0the0conference0with0luncheon,01000volunteers0
to0host0attendees,0and0500people0who0served0the0luncheon0during0the0conference.0Except0for0
500people0who0served0the0food,0all0of0the0participants0and0volunteers0ate0the0food
Copyright0©020200by0Elsevier,0Inc.0All0rights0reserved
.
, Test0Bank 1-4
from0the0luncheon0at0the0conference0on0April01,02018.0After0an0initial0outbreak0of0food0poiso
ning0is0reported,0an0epidemiologist0sends0surveys0to0all0people0at0risk0to0investigate0the0cause
.0However,0only09000people0among0those0at0risk0answer0the0survey.0After0analysis0of09000sur
vey0results,0the0epidemiologist0concludes0that0the0most0suspected0foods0in0the0outbreak0are0p
epperoni0pizza0and0meatball0spaghetti.0What0is0the0overall0attack0rate0for0those0who0ate0meat
ball0spaghetti?0Use0the0following0table0to0answer0the0question.
Summary0of0Survey0Responses
Number0of0people0who0devel Number0of0people0who0ate0the0
oped0the0case0definition0symp food
toms
Pepperoni0pizza0only 113 275
Meatball0spaghetti0only 62 375
Both0pepperoni0pizza0and0 57 150
meatball0spaghetti
Neither0of0pepperoni0pizza0or0 10 100
meatball0spaghetti
a.041%
b.038%
c.027%
d.040%
e.023%0
ANS:0E
To0calculate0the0food-
specific0attack0rate,0we0need0to0define0how0many0people0are0exposed0to0the0specific0food0and0
how0many0people0develop0the0symptoms0in0the0case0definition.0In0this0question,0we0are0askin
g0about0“overall”0attack0rate0in0those0people0who0ate0meatball0spaghetti,0so0we0have0to0add0“
meatball0spaghetti0only”0and0“both0pepperoni0pizza0and0meatball0spaghetti”0to0get0the0overall
0rate.0Which0is05250(3750plus0150),0who0are0at0risk0of0exposure,0and01190(620plus057),0who0de
veloped0the0symptoms,0corresponding0to023%0of0attack0rate.
5. There0was0a0food0poisoning0outbreak0on0April01,02018,0at0the0City0Z0Food0Safety0Confere
nce.0There0were01,0000people0registered0for0the0conference0with0luncheon,01000volunteers0t
o0host0attendees,0and0500people0who0served0the0luncheon0during0the0conference.0Except0for0
500people0who0served0the0food,0all0of0the0participants0and0volunteers0ate0the0food0from0the0lu
ncheon0at0the0conference0on0April01,02018.0After0an0initial0outbreak0of0food0poisoning0is0rep
orted,0an0epidemiologist0sends0surveys0to0all0people0at0risk0to0investigate0the0cause.0However
,0only09000people0among0those0at0risk0answer0the0survey.0After0analysis0of09000survey0result
s,0the0epidemiologist0concludes0that0the0most0suspected0foods0in0the0outbreak0are0pepperoni0
pizza0and0meatball0spaghetti.0What0is0the0most0suspected0food0for0food0poisoning0after0cros
s-
tabulation?0Use0the0following0table0to0answer0the0question.0Summary0of0Survey0Responses
Number0of0people0who Number0of0people0who0ate0the
Copyright0©020200by0Elsevier,0Inc.0All0rights0reserved
.
