Nursing 321 Final Exam Questions and
Complete Solutions
Who do Street Outreach nurses work with? ✅Work with people who are homeless and
community organizations
What do street outreach nurses focus on? ✅building relationships, maintaining the
dignity of and respect for clients
Creating environment of cultural safety and empowerment
provide access to primary care, mental health services, communicable disease care
and support (HIV, TB, STI's)
Birth control, prenatal and postnatal support
Drug and alcohol rehabilitation
Work with agencies to advocate for housing
What are the poor determinants of health that the homeless are affected by? ✅Living
in poverty
Low levels of education
Food insecurity
Living in poor housing conditions and social exclusion
What do the chronically homeless face high instances of? ✅High instances of
substance abuse
What do homeless people face/ struggle with in regards to Access to healthcare? ✅-
increased use of healthcare facilities
- reluctance to access care when impaired
- creation of low-threshold clinics and street outreach programs
- street outreach clinical encounters can be challenging
What does cocaine or methamphetamines do to cognition? ✅Restlessness, inability to
communicate in a coherent manner, distraction
What does opioids do to cognition? ✅sleepiness, nodding off, in a ability to form
coherent sentences
What happens in drug induced psychosis? ✅hallucinations and or paranoia
What does alcohol do? ✅relaxes and dulls the mind
What are some symptoms of withdrawal from substances? ✅moderate to severe
anxiety/ agitation, GI discomfort, diaphoresis
,What are existing tools to assess capacity to consent among psychiatric populations?
✅MacCAT-T
What is the MacCAT-T missing? ✅no capacity instrument or guidelines to assess
capacity to consent when substance use is involved
What is the CAPIS tool? How is it scored? ✅11 items rated 1-4 (strongly disagree-
strongly agree)
Not worded as a question so it can be incorporated into normal discussion
higher scores indicative or higher capacity
total possible score of 44
What are the context for use of CAPIS? ✅- does not need to be used with all clients
- may not been the streets
- threshold is a guideline
- not legal determination
- to be used with other nursing assessments
- document process as usual
What is epidemiology? ✅the study of the occurrence and distribution of health related
states or events in specified populations, including the determinants influencing such
states and the application of this knowledge to control the health population
What are the 3 parts of the epidemiology model? ✅host, agent, environment
What is the host? ✅him in which the disease occurs
What is the agent ✅contagious or non-contagious source/ force that can begin or
prolong a health problem
Environment ✅context which promotes the exposure of the host to the agent
What is a vector? ✅A factor which moves between the agent and the hosts that allows
for movement of the disease
What is susceptibility? ✅a combination of characteristics of each individual within a
host group interacting with factors absent or present in other elements of the triangle
which determines the risk (or degree of susceptibility of each person to a particular
agent
What is suseptibility/ risk described as? ✅the vulnerability which determines the
individual host risk
, What does each element of the triangle increase or decrease? ✅the risk of the host to
the disease
What does screening and Survelience do? ✅assists in preventing/ controlling certain
diseases
What is screening? ✅testing when there are no symptoms; must have validity and
reliability
What is surveillance? ✅The constant watching/ monitoring of disease to assess
patterns and quickly identify events that do not fit
What is Association/ causations purpose? ✅before planning interventions that prevent
or ameliorate a disease/ health problem, one has to clearly understand how and why
What is association? ✅reasonable evidence that a connection exists between a
stressor or environmental factor and a disease of health challenge
What is causation? ✅when a relationship/ association is confirmed beyond a doubt;
there is a definite, statistical, cause and effect relationship between a particular stimulus
and occurrence of a disease or that the occurrence could not happen because of
chance alone
What are two important concepts to establish causality? ✅1. necessary- particular
stressor must be present before a given effect can occur.
2. Sufficient- the amount of exposure required to result in the disease is present
What is the morbidity rate? ✅picture of the disease/ health challenge and a population
over time, suggesting questions about the susceptibility of the pop and effectiveness of
promotion or treatment
What is prevalence? ✅picture of specific disease process in a population at one given
point in time
What is incidence? ✅Identification of new cases of a disease in a population over time
What happens in regards to prevalence in short lived disease? ✅prevalence doesn't
show much but might be used to prepare for epidemics
What happens if there are only a few deaths from a disease? ✅incidence and
prevalence is similar
What happens to incidence and prevalence with chronic diseases? ✅incidence stays
static over time
Complete Solutions
Who do Street Outreach nurses work with? ✅Work with people who are homeless and
community organizations
What do street outreach nurses focus on? ✅building relationships, maintaining the
dignity of and respect for clients
Creating environment of cultural safety and empowerment
provide access to primary care, mental health services, communicable disease care
and support (HIV, TB, STI's)
Birth control, prenatal and postnatal support
Drug and alcohol rehabilitation
Work with agencies to advocate for housing
What are the poor determinants of health that the homeless are affected by? ✅Living
in poverty
Low levels of education
Food insecurity
Living in poor housing conditions and social exclusion
What do the chronically homeless face high instances of? ✅High instances of
substance abuse
What do homeless people face/ struggle with in regards to Access to healthcare? ✅-
increased use of healthcare facilities
- reluctance to access care when impaired
- creation of low-threshold clinics and street outreach programs
- street outreach clinical encounters can be challenging
What does cocaine or methamphetamines do to cognition? ✅Restlessness, inability to
communicate in a coherent manner, distraction
What does opioids do to cognition? ✅sleepiness, nodding off, in a ability to form
coherent sentences
What happens in drug induced psychosis? ✅hallucinations and or paranoia
What does alcohol do? ✅relaxes and dulls the mind
What are some symptoms of withdrawal from substances? ✅moderate to severe
anxiety/ agitation, GI discomfort, diaphoresis
,What are existing tools to assess capacity to consent among psychiatric populations?
✅MacCAT-T
What is the MacCAT-T missing? ✅no capacity instrument or guidelines to assess
capacity to consent when substance use is involved
What is the CAPIS tool? How is it scored? ✅11 items rated 1-4 (strongly disagree-
strongly agree)
Not worded as a question so it can be incorporated into normal discussion
higher scores indicative or higher capacity
total possible score of 44
What are the context for use of CAPIS? ✅- does not need to be used with all clients
- may not been the streets
- threshold is a guideline
- not legal determination
- to be used with other nursing assessments
- document process as usual
What is epidemiology? ✅the study of the occurrence and distribution of health related
states or events in specified populations, including the determinants influencing such
states and the application of this knowledge to control the health population
What are the 3 parts of the epidemiology model? ✅host, agent, environment
What is the host? ✅him in which the disease occurs
What is the agent ✅contagious or non-contagious source/ force that can begin or
prolong a health problem
Environment ✅context which promotes the exposure of the host to the agent
What is a vector? ✅A factor which moves between the agent and the hosts that allows
for movement of the disease
What is susceptibility? ✅a combination of characteristics of each individual within a
host group interacting with factors absent or present in other elements of the triangle
which determines the risk (or degree of susceptibility of each person to a particular
agent
What is suseptibility/ risk described as? ✅the vulnerability which determines the
individual host risk
, What does each element of the triangle increase or decrease? ✅the risk of the host to
the disease
What does screening and Survelience do? ✅assists in preventing/ controlling certain
diseases
What is screening? ✅testing when there are no symptoms; must have validity and
reliability
What is surveillance? ✅The constant watching/ monitoring of disease to assess
patterns and quickly identify events that do not fit
What is Association/ causations purpose? ✅before planning interventions that prevent
or ameliorate a disease/ health problem, one has to clearly understand how and why
What is association? ✅reasonable evidence that a connection exists between a
stressor or environmental factor and a disease of health challenge
What is causation? ✅when a relationship/ association is confirmed beyond a doubt;
there is a definite, statistical, cause and effect relationship between a particular stimulus
and occurrence of a disease or that the occurrence could not happen because of
chance alone
What are two important concepts to establish causality? ✅1. necessary- particular
stressor must be present before a given effect can occur.
2. Sufficient- the amount of exposure required to result in the disease is present
What is the morbidity rate? ✅picture of the disease/ health challenge and a population
over time, suggesting questions about the susceptibility of the pop and effectiveness of
promotion or treatment
What is prevalence? ✅picture of specific disease process in a population at one given
point in time
What is incidence? ✅Identification of new cases of a disease in a population over time
What happens in regards to prevalence in short lived disease? ✅prevalence doesn't
show much but might be used to prepare for epidemics
What happens if there are only a few deaths from a disease? ✅incidence and
prevalence is similar
What happens to incidence and prevalence with chronic diseases? ✅incidence stays
static over time
