kirkland patho exam
Solve the following acid-base problem: pH= 7.28; PCO2= 50; HCO3=26 - ANSWER Respiratory acidosis
Solve the following acid-base problem: pH= 7.19; PCO2= 40; HCO3= 18 - ANSWER Metabolic acidosis
Solve the following acid-base problem:
pH= 7.52; PCO2= 29; HCO3= 23 - ANSWER Respiratory alkalosis
Solve the following acid-base problem: pH= 7.38; PCO2= 44; HCO3= 24 - ANSWER Normal
Solve the following acid-base problem: pH= 7.60; PCO2= 40; HCO3= 32 - ANSWER Metabolic alkalosis
Solve the following acid-base problem: pH= 7.25; PCO2= 47; HCO3= 25 - ANSWER Respiratory
acidosis
Your patient W.M. has the following arterial blood gases: pH= 7.25, pCO2= 50; HCO3= 22. You are
not surprised when your patient has a history of which of the following chronic illnesses? - ANSWER
Emphysema
True or false: A patient with respiratory acidosis can compensate for the disorder by
hyperventilating. - ANSWER False
In an attempt to compensate for in metabolic acidosis, the lungs will increase respiratory rates in
hopes of: - ANSWER Decreasing arterial pCO2
The bicarbonate buffer system is the most important buffer system in the body uses ______ as its
weak acid and ________ as its weak base for compensation. - ANSWER Carbonic acid; bicarbonate
Which of the following patients would have the greatest risk of developing metabolic acidosis? -
ANSWER Patients with diabetes mellitus
True or false: If the acid-base abnormality is respiratory in nature, the lungs will be able to
compensate on their own - ANSWER False
,Hyperventilation could eventually cause: - ANSWER Alkalosis
The best way to treat a patient with hyperventilation is to: - ANSWER Have them breathe into a
paper bag
The strength of an acid is to determine how freely: - ANSWER Hydrogen ions are released
The end produce of anaerobic metabolism is: - ANSWER Lactic acid
The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane in response to an uneven
concentration of non-modifiable particles from an area of lower concentration to higher
concentration is called: - ANSWER Osmosis
The nucleus is called the control center for the cell because: - ANSWER It contains the individual units
of inheritance, the genes
Aerobic metabolism, also known as the citric acid cycle, provides energy by: - ANSWER Combining
hydrogen, carbon and oxygen molecules
True or false: Glycolysis is the process that does not require oxygen. - ANSWER True
Within the cell there are physical structures known as _______ suspended in fluid known as
__________. - ANSWER Organelles; cytoplasm
These organelles are small particles of nucleoproteins and may be found attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum. They serve as the sight for protein synthesis/production. - ANSWER
Ribosomes
In order to survive, the cell constantly makes adjustments to a changing environment, a process
called: - ANSWER Adaption
A person eating peanuts starts chocking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially cleared, but
he remains hypoxia caused a cerebral infarction and resulted in __________ in the brain. - ANSWER
Necrosis
, The increase in the size of the heart cells due to increased workload is referred to as: - ANSWER
Hypertrophy
True or false: Metaplasia is a reversible cellular process. - ANSWER True
A patient is jaundice from an accumulation of bilirubin. This is an example of a(n) ___________
accumulation. - ANSWER Endogenous
Which of the following organelles within the cell is considered the "power plant" of the cell? -
ANSWER Mitochondria
Apoptosis is a process that results in: - ANSWER Cellular death
An increase in the number of cells is referred to as: - ANSWER Hyperplasia
The decrease in brain size that accompanies the aging process is referred to as: - ANSWER Atrophy
J.C. complains of sore throat, extreme fatigue, and fever. His exam reveals an oral temperature of
102.4 and reddened mucosa with swollen lymph nodes. A throat culture is positive for
mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. The etiology of J.C.'s throat infection is: - ANSWER
Epstein-Barr virus
The nurse would document her findings of temperature of 102.4 F, swollen lymph nodes, and
reddened throat mucosa. These would be classified: - ANSWER Signs
Mr. K has arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), which has caused a lack of adequate blood flow
to the left side of the heart. This lack of blood flow is referred to as: - ANSWER Ischemia
If Mr. K has inadequate blood flow to the left side of his heart for a long period of time, he may
suffer from a(n) _______________, which is a type of necrosis. - ANSWER Infarction
Cells that do not resemble the normal tissue from which they arose - ANSWER Malignant
Rate of growth is usually rapid in these tumors. - ANSWER Malignant
Solve the following acid-base problem: pH= 7.28; PCO2= 50; HCO3=26 - ANSWER Respiratory acidosis
Solve the following acid-base problem: pH= 7.19; PCO2= 40; HCO3= 18 - ANSWER Metabolic acidosis
Solve the following acid-base problem:
pH= 7.52; PCO2= 29; HCO3= 23 - ANSWER Respiratory alkalosis
Solve the following acid-base problem: pH= 7.38; PCO2= 44; HCO3= 24 - ANSWER Normal
Solve the following acid-base problem: pH= 7.60; PCO2= 40; HCO3= 32 - ANSWER Metabolic alkalosis
Solve the following acid-base problem: pH= 7.25; PCO2= 47; HCO3= 25 - ANSWER Respiratory
acidosis
Your patient W.M. has the following arterial blood gases: pH= 7.25, pCO2= 50; HCO3= 22. You are
not surprised when your patient has a history of which of the following chronic illnesses? - ANSWER
Emphysema
True or false: A patient with respiratory acidosis can compensate for the disorder by
hyperventilating. - ANSWER False
In an attempt to compensate for in metabolic acidosis, the lungs will increase respiratory rates in
hopes of: - ANSWER Decreasing arterial pCO2
The bicarbonate buffer system is the most important buffer system in the body uses ______ as its
weak acid and ________ as its weak base for compensation. - ANSWER Carbonic acid; bicarbonate
Which of the following patients would have the greatest risk of developing metabolic acidosis? -
ANSWER Patients with diabetes mellitus
True or false: If the acid-base abnormality is respiratory in nature, the lungs will be able to
compensate on their own - ANSWER False
,Hyperventilation could eventually cause: - ANSWER Alkalosis
The best way to treat a patient with hyperventilation is to: - ANSWER Have them breathe into a
paper bag
The strength of an acid is to determine how freely: - ANSWER Hydrogen ions are released
The end produce of anaerobic metabolism is: - ANSWER Lactic acid
The movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane in response to an uneven
concentration of non-modifiable particles from an area of lower concentration to higher
concentration is called: - ANSWER Osmosis
The nucleus is called the control center for the cell because: - ANSWER It contains the individual units
of inheritance, the genes
Aerobic metabolism, also known as the citric acid cycle, provides energy by: - ANSWER Combining
hydrogen, carbon and oxygen molecules
True or false: Glycolysis is the process that does not require oxygen. - ANSWER True
Within the cell there are physical structures known as _______ suspended in fluid known as
__________. - ANSWER Organelles; cytoplasm
These organelles are small particles of nucleoproteins and may be found attached to the
endoplasmic reticulum. They serve as the sight for protein synthesis/production. - ANSWER
Ribosomes
In order to survive, the cell constantly makes adjustments to a changing environment, a process
called: - ANSWER Adaption
A person eating peanuts starts chocking and collapses. His airway obstruction is partially cleared, but
he remains hypoxia caused a cerebral infarction and resulted in __________ in the brain. - ANSWER
Necrosis
, The increase in the size of the heart cells due to increased workload is referred to as: - ANSWER
Hypertrophy
True or false: Metaplasia is a reversible cellular process. - ANSWER True
A patient is jaundice from an accumulation of bilirubin. This is an example of a(n) ___________
accumulation. - ANSWER Endogenous
Which of the following organelles within the cell is considered the "power plant" of the cell? -
ANSWER Mitochondria
Apoptosis is a process that results in: - ANSWER Cellular death
An increase in the number of cells is referred to as: - ANSWER Hyperplasia
The decrease in brain size that accompanies the aging process is referred to as: - ANSWER Atrophy
J.C. complains of sore throat, extreme fatigue, and fever. His exam reveals an oral temperature of
102.4 and reddened mucosa with swollen lymph nodes. A throat culture is positive for
mononucleosis caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. The etiology of J.C.'s throat infection is: - ANSWER
Epstein-Barr virus
The nurse would document her findings of temperature of 102.4 F, swollen lymph nodes, and
reddened throat mucosa. These would be classified: - ANSWER Signs
Mr. K has arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries), which has caused a lack of adequate blood flow
to the left side of the heart. This lack of blood flow is referred to as: - ANSWER Ischemia
If Mr. K has inadequate blood flow to the left side of his heart for a long period of time, he may
suffer from a(n) _______________, which is a type of necrosis. - ANSWER Infarction
Cells that do not resemble the normal tissue from which they arose - ANSWER Malignant
Rate of growth is usually rapid in these tumors. - ANSWER Malignant
