Pathophysiology Review

Pathophysiology Review
state of equilibrium of the internal environment - ANS homeostasis



the study of changes in bodily structure and function that occur as a result of disease - ANS
pathology



the cause of the disease or injury - ANS etiology



natural history and development of a disease

-how it got started - ANS pathogenesis



the manner in which the incorrect function is expressed - ANS pathophysiology



etiology is unknown

-do not know the cause - ANS idiopathic



disease is byproduct of medical diagnosis or treatment - ANS iatrogeneic



you acquire in a healthcare setting

ex: UTI, bed sores - ANS nosocomial



arises rapidly with obvious symptoms, lasts a SHORT time

-is usually treatable and curable

ex: ear infections, urinary tract - ANS acute disease



begins slowly with not obvious or hard to detect symptoms

-will last a LIFETIME and is difficult to cure

-ex: heart disease, diabetes - ANS chronic disease



genetic, environmental lifestyle factors

,ex: pollution, smoking, obesity, alcohol abuse, sun exposure - ANS predisposing factors



period where factors are causing disease, but is NOT showing any symptoms or signs

-patient is exposed to predisposing factors

aka incubation - ANS latent



after exposure

-minor/ nonspecific symptoms that are nonspecific before full onset of disease occurs

ex: migraine= sensitivity to light - ANS prodromal period



disease resolves or disappears with or without treatment

ex: MS - ANS remission



disease reappears after days, weeks or years

ex: cancer, ear infections - ANS recurrence



diseases causes other things to occur which are harmful to the patient

ex: diabetes can cause blindness - ANS sequelae



person having a disease or complications of a disease - ANS morbidity



people dying from a disease during a period of time - ANS mortality



things which increase a persons likelihood of getting a disease

ex: smoking, obesity - ANS risk factors



a name for cause of a patient's sign or symptoms

-determined by taking medical history, labs, imaging etc - ANS diagnosis



how long a disease will last

-probability of recovery, death of the disease - ANS prognosis

, something that a patient tells us that may only be evident to them

ex: diaherria, nausea - ANS symptoms



something that is noted by healthcare professionals on exam - ANS sign



Sick people correctly identified as sick

-A person with a diagnosed disease tests positive on a medical test for that disease - ANS True
positive



Healthy people incorrectly identified as sick.

-A person without a disease tests positive on a medical test for that disease. - ANS false positive



Healthy people correctly identified as healthy

-A person without a disease tests negative on a medical test for that disease - ANS true negative



Sick people incorrectly identified as healthy

-A person with a disease tests negative on a medical test for that disease - ANS false negative



ability of a test to be positive in the presence of disease

-identifies people with the disease

-high tests= truly positive - ANS sensitivity



ability of a test to be negative in the absence of a disease

-identifies people without the disease

-high tests= truly negative - ANS specificity



cellular damage that can be repaired and restored to normal function once the harmful stimulus is
removed

ex: sprained ankle - ANS reversible cell injury



changes that challenge the normal homeostasis - ANS stress