Patho Exam 2 Questions
How does the immune system distinguish "self" from "non-self" antigens?
A. Histocompatibility antigens found on the plasma membrane of almost every cell in the body
B. Mast cell release of histamine
C. Biochemical mediators
D. Antibodies floating in the plasma - ANSWER A. Histocompatibility antigens found on the plasma
membrane of almost every cell in the body
Which of these is a specific form of immunity?
A. Anatomical surfaces
B. Phagocytosis
C. Adaptive immunity
D. Inflammatory response - ANSWER C. Adaptive immunity
Which form of immunity is long-term and permeant protection against a specific microorganism?
A. Adaptive immunity, antibodies
B. Macrophages
C. Microbiome
D. Lymphocytes - ANSWER A. Adaptive immunity, antibodies
Which of these are a type of leukocyte? (select all that apply)
A. Monocytes/macrophages
B. Granulocytes
C. Lymphocytes
D. Antibodies - ANSWER A. Monocytes / macrophages, B. Granulocytes, C. Lymphocytes
(True/False) Inflammation is non specific - ANSWER True
What is the definition of a mutagen?
A. A harmful agent which increases the frequency of mutations
, B. A biological agent that decreases the frequency of mutations
C. A chromosomal mutation that causes a disease to be activated
D. A mutation that changes the "reading frame" of the DNA sequence - ANSWER A. A harmful agent
which increases the frequency of mutations
Local vasodilation of arterioles causes
A. Increased blood flow to the tissue
B. Decreased blood flow to the tissue
C. Increased tissue perfusion
D. Decreased tissue perfusion
E. Both A and C
F. Both B and D - ANSWER E. Both A and C
In systemic capillaries
A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure is stronger at the venous end, pushing water into the capillary
B. Capillary hydrostatic pressure is stronger at the arterial end, pushing water out of the capillary
C. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure is stronger at the arterial end, pushing water into the capillary
D. Interstitial osmotic pressure is stronger at the arterial end, pushing water out of the capillary
E. Both A and B are correct - ANSWER B. Capillary hydrostatic pressure is stronger at the arterial end,
pushing water out of the capillary
Which of the following statements regarding increased capillary permeability is true?
A. Capillaries become more permeable when endothelial cells retract
B. Capillaries become more permeable when there are larger spaces between endothelial cells
C. When capillary permeability increases, proteins and cells may leak out of the blood and into the
tissue resulting in edema
D. All of the above - ANSWER D. All of the above
Which of the following statements about exudate is true?
A. It is the increased amounts of blood fluid that leak out of capillaries into the tissue during
inflammation
B. It contains plasma
How does the immune system distinguish "self" from "non-self" antigens?
A. Histocompatibility antigens found on the plasma membrane of almost every cell in the body
B. Mast cell release of histamine
C. Biochemical mediators
D. Antibodies floating in the plasma - ANSWER A. Histocompatibility antigens found on the plasma
membrane of almost every cell in the body
Which of these is a specific form of immunity?
A. Anatomical surfaces
B. Phagocytosis
C. Adaptive immunity
D. Inflammatory response - ANSWER C. Adaptive immunity
Which form of immunity is long-term and permeant protection against a specific microorganism?
A. Adaptive immunity, antibodies
B. Macrophages
C. Microbiome
D. Lymphocytes - ANSWER A. Adaptive immunity, antibodies
Which of these are a type of leukocyte? (select all that apply)
A. Monocytes/macrophages
B. Granulocytes
C. Lymphocytes
D. Antibodies - ANSWER A. Monocytes / macrophages, B. Granulocytes, C. Lymphocytes
(True/False) Inflammation is non specific - ANSWER True
What is the definition of a mutagen?
A. A harmful agent which increases the frequency of mutations
, B. A biological agent that decreases the frequency of mutations
C. A chromosomal mutation that causes a disease to be activated
D. A mutation that changes the "reading frame" of the DNA sequence - ANSWER A. A harmful agent
which increases the frequency of mutations
Local vasodilation of arterioles causes
A. Increased blood flow to the tissue
B. Decreased blood flow to the tissue
C. Increased tissue perfusion
D. Decreased tissue perfusion
E. Both A and C
F. Both B and D - ANSWER E. Both A and C
In systemic capillaries
A. Capillary hydrostatic pressure is stronger at the venous end, pushing water into the capillary
B. Capillary hydrostatic pressure is stronger at the arterial end, pushing water out of the capillary
C. Interstitial hydrostatic pressure is stronger at the arterial end, pushing water into the capillary
D. Interstitial osmotic pressure is stronger at the arterial end, pushing water out of the capillary
E. Both A and B are correct - ANSWER B. Capillary hydrostatic pressure is stronger at the arterial end,
pushing water out of the capillary
Which of the following statements regarding increased capillary permeability is true?
A. Capillaries become more permeable when endothelial cells retract
B. Capillaries become more permeable when there are larger spaces between endothelial cells
C. When capillary permeability increases, proteins and cells may leak out of the blood and into the
tissue resulting in edema
D. All of the above - ANSWER D. All of the above
Which of the following statements about exudate is true?
A. It is the increased amounts of blood fluid that leak out of capillaries into the tissue during
inflammation
B. It contains plasma
