Test bank for-Pediatric Physical Examination An Illustrated Handbook 4th Edition Duderstadt |ultimate study guide

Pediatric Physical Examination An
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IllustratedHandbook 4th Edition
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Duderstadt Test Bank
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,Chapter 1: Approach to Care and Assessment of Children and Adolescents
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MULTIPLE CHOICE r!




1. A nurse is reviewing developmental concepts for infants and children. Which statement
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r! bestdescribes development in infants and children?
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a. Development, a predictable and orderly process, occurs at varying rates r! r! r! r! r! r! r! r! r!



withinnormal limits.
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b. Development is primarily related to the growth in the number and size of cells. r! r! r! r! r! r! r! r! r! r! r! r! r!




c. Development occurs in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle r! r! r! r! r! r! r! r!



developmentoccurring first.
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d. Development is more easily and accurately measured than growth. r! r! r! r! r! r! r! r!




ANS: A r!




Development, a continuous orderly process, provides the basis for increases in the childs
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r! function and complexity of behavior. The increases in rate of function and complexity can
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varynormally within limits for each child. An increase in the number and size of cells is a
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definitionfor growth. Development proceeds in a proximodistal direction with fine muscle
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organization occurring as a result of large muscle organization. Development is a more
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complex process thatis affected by many factors; therefore, it is less easily and accurately
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measured. Growth is a predictable process with standard measurement methods.
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2. Frequent developmental assessments are important for which reason?
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a. Stable developmental periods during infancy provide an opportunity to
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identifyany delays or deficits.
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b. Infants need stimulation specific to the stage of development.
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c. Critical periods of development occur during childhood. r! r! r! r! r! r!




d. Child development is unpredictable and needs monitoring.
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ANS: C r!




Critical periods are blocks of time during which children are ready to master specific
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r! developmental tasks. Children can master these tasks more easily during particular periods of r! r! r! r! r! r! r! r! r! r! r! r!




r! time in their growth and developmental process. Infancy is a dynamic time of development that
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r! requires frequent evaluations to assess appropriate developmental progress. Infants in a
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r! nurturingenvironment will develop appropriately and will not necessarily need stimulation
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r! specific to theirdevelopmental stage. Normal growth and development are orderly and proceed in
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r! a predictable pattern on the basis of each individuals abilities and potentials.
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3. Which factor has the greatest influence on child growth and development?
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a. Culture

b. Environment

c. Genetics

d. Nutrition


ANS: C r!




Genetic factors (heredity) determine each individuals growth and developmental rate. Although
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r! factors such as environment, culture, nutrition, and family can influence genetic traits, they do
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r! not eliminate the effect of the genetic endowment, which is permanent. Culture is a significant
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r! factor that influences how children grow toward adulthood. Culture influences both growth and
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r! development but does not eliminate inborn genetic influences. Environment has a significant
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r! rolein determining growth and development both before and after birth. The environment can
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r! influence how and to which extent genetic traits are manifested, but environmental factors
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cannoteliminate the effect of genetics. Nutrition is critical for growth and plays a significant role
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r! throughout childhood. r!




4. A nurse is planning a teaching session with a child. According to Piagetian theory, the period
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r! of cognitive development in which the child is able to distinguish fact
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r! period of cognitive development. r! r! r!




a. sensorimotor




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