AMSCO APUSH CH. 8 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

AMSCO APUSH CH. 8 Study Guide with Complete Solutions Era of Good Feelings - Answer️️ -described Monroe's presidency; during people had good feelings caused by the nationalistic pride after the Battle of New Orleans and second war for Independence with British, b/c of demise of Federalists - one political party was present (Democratic-Republicans), on the surface everything looked fine, but underneath wasnt good- debates over- tariffs, national bank, internal improvements,public land sales, and slavery- Missouri Compromise had a very dampening effect on those good feelings sectionalism - Answer️️ -Different parts of the country developing unique and separate cultures (as the North, South and West). This can lead to conflict. James Monroe - Answer️️ -Apart of Virginia Dynasty. was Madisons- sec of state. The fifth President of the United States. Younger generation of Amerians supported him.().His administration was marked by the Tariff of 1816, Rush-Bagot Agreement with Britian (1817), acquisition of Florida (1819), the Missouri Compromise (1820), and the profession of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), declaring U.S. opposition to European interference in the Americas. nationalism: cultural, economic - Answer️️ -Cultural: new generation was interested in expanding west and patriot themes were everywhere in society (schools and paintings of war heroes). ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM Page | 2 Economic: Congress levied taxes to protect new U.S industries after the War of 1812 (Tariff of 1816). Henry Clay's American system which included protective tariffs, national bank, and internal improvements Tariff of 1816 - Answer️️ -Clays American System. 1st protective tariff; helped protect American industry from competition by raising the prices of British manufactured goods, which were often cheaper and of higher quality than those produced in the U.S. protective tariff - Answer️️ -a tax on imported goods that is intended to protect a nation's businesses from foreign competition Henry Clay; American System - Answer️️ -An economic system that wanted support for a 1)high tariff to protect American industries and generate revenue for the federal government, maintenance of high public land prices to generate federal revenue, 2)National Bank of the United States to stabilize the currency and rein in risky state and local banks, 3)internal improvements (such as roads and canals) which would knit the nation together and be financed by the tariff and land sales revenues The internal improvements to be funded by the national government were not approved because Monroe felt that the Constitution did not provide for that kind of use of federal money. Second Bank of the United States - Answer️️ -This institution was chartered in 1816 under President Madison and became a depository for federal funds and a creditor for (loaning money to) state banks. It became unpopular after being blamed for the panic of 1819, and suspicion of corruption and mismanagement haunted it until its charter expired in 1836. Jackson fought against this institution throughout his presidency, ©SOPHIABENNETT 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YEAR 7:59 PM Page | 3 proclaiming it to be an unconstitutional extension of the federal government and a tool that rich capitalists used to corrupt American society. Panic of 1819 - Answer️️ -Largely fault of 2nd Bank of the US1st major financial panic since the Constitution was ratified; marked the end of economic expansion and featured deflation (value of US money going down), depression, bank failures, foreclosures on western farms, unemployment, a slump in agriculture and manufacturing, and overcrowded debtor's prisons. Also risky lending practices of the state and local banks led to overspeculation on lands in west- the national bank tightened its credit lending policies and eventually forced these state and local banks to foreclose mortgages on farms, which resulted in bankruptcies and prisons full of debtors. John Marshall - Answer️️ -Chief Justice of the Supreme Court by John Adams(1801- 1835); Federalist who favored the central government and the rights of property against advocates of state's rights. Even when he was outnumbered in the Supreme Court, Republican justices sided with Marshall McCulloch v. Maryland - Answer️️ -1819 Court case-The Supreme Court ruled that states cannot tax the federal government, i.e. the Bank of the United States; the phrase "the power to tax is the power to destroy"; confirmed the constitutionality of the Bank of the United States. ** Dartmouth College v. Woodward - Answer️️ -1819 Court case-New Hampshire had attempted to make Dartmouth College a public instituition by revising its colonial charter. The Court ruled that the charter was protect