Biomolecules

, 1. (x (1120)
Carbohydrates general formula :


y



.
2 Acetic acid fits general formula but it isn't a
Carbohydrate ,
like wise

Rhamnose GH , is a
Carbohydrate but doesn't fit the general formula



.
3
Carbohydrates are defined as
optically active
polyhydoxy aldehydes or ketones

or the
compounds which produce such units on
hydrolysis .




S Sweet Carbohydrates
:

called
are
Sugars -




5
Carbohydrates
.




L &
V
Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides

·

which can't be further which Yield 2-10 monosaccharide: which yield large no of



hydrolysed on
hydrolysis. monosaccharide or



·
About 20 monosaccharides
· ex : Sucrose-Glu + Fru
hydrolysis
Maltose-Glu + Glu
are known- ~
no sweet taste so


ex : Glucose , fructose
, Ribose called
non-sugars
·




·
ex : Starch , Cellulose,


Glycogen , gums
-




.
6
Carbohydrates which reduce Fehling's and Toller's
reagent is called Reducing
Sugar -




.
7 All monosaccharide whether aldose or Kerose are
reducing Sugars .

, .
8 Monosaccharides :




.
9 Glucose :
Ripe Contain
grapes glucose in large amounts




i) Preparation in Glucose :




+
n
& 24220 ,
+
120 > CH 20 ,
+ G4 200
,



Glu Fru




11 +

(Col1005)n + n +
z0 393k2-3atm) nGH 20 , 1


Gl
Starch or

Cellulose



ii) structure of Glucose : Glucose also known as dexrose -




↓ molecular formula was found to be
GH2

.
2 forms
on
prolonged heating with HI n-Hexane ,
Suggesting
that all 6 Carbons are in a
straight Chain -




CH0
I
HE A

(CHOn)a
,
< CHy-CH2-CHz-CH2-CHz-CHy

chou
n -
nexane