NR565 Pharmacology Final Questions And Answers 100% Verified.

NR565 Pharmacology Final Questions And
Answers 100% Verified.

Signsgandgsymptomsgofghypothyroidismg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggFacegisgpale,gpuffy,gandgexpressionless.

Skingisgcoldgandgdry.g
hairgisgbrittle,gandghairglossgoccurs.g
Heartgrategandgtemperaturegareglowered.gThegpatientglethargy,gfatigue,gandgintolerancegt
ogcold.g
Mentationgmaygbegimpaired.

Signsgandgsymptomsgofghyperthyroidismg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggHeartgRategisgRapid;gPossiblegarrhythmia/angina

Nervousness,ginsomnia,grapidgthoughtgflow,gandgrapidgspeech
Skeletalgmusclesgmaygweakengandgatrophy
Metabolicgrategisgraised,gresultinggingincreasedgheatgproduction,gincreasedgbodygtempera
ture,gintolerancegtogheat,gandgskingthatgisgwarmgandgmoist
Weightglossgoccursgifgcaloricgintakegfailsgtogmatchgthegincreasegingmetabolicgrate

Severeghypothyroidismg-gcorrectganswer.ggggMyxedema

HypothyroidgTreatmentg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggLevothyroxinegisgthegdruggofgchoicegforgmostgpatientsgwhogrequiregthyr

oidghormonegreplacement.

Levothyroxineg(Synthroid)gTherapeuticgGoalg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggResolutiongofgsignsgandgsymptomsgofghypothyroidismgandgrestorationg

ofgnormalglaboratorygvaluesgforgserumgthyroid-
stimulatingghormoneg(TSH)gandgfreegthyroxineg(T4).

Majorgformsgofghyperthyroidismg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggGravesgdiseasegandgtoxicgnodularggoiterg(alsogknowngasgPlummergdis

ease).

GravesgDiseaseg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggMostgcommongcausegofgexcessivegthyroidghormonegsecretion

,Whatgadjunctivegtherapygisggoodgtogprescribegtogcontrolgsymptomsgofghyperthyroidismgot
hergthangthyroidgspecificgmedications?g-gcorrectganswer.ggggβ-
Blockersgandgnonradioactivegiodinegmaygbegusedgasgadjunctivegtherapy.g
β-Blockersgsuppressgtachycardiagbygblockinggβ-receptorsgongthegheart.g
Nonradioactivegiodineginhibitsgsynthesisgandgreleasegofgthyroidghormones.

MonitoringgneedsgandgintervalsgforgLevothyroxineg-gcorrectganswer.ggggCheckgTSHg6-
8gweeksgafterginitiatinggtherapygandgafterganygdosagegchange.g
CheckgTSHgatgleastgoncegagyeargaftergserumgTSHgisgstabilized.

HyperthyroidgTreatmentg-gcorrectganswer.ggggthionamidegdrugs—
methimazolegandgpropylthiouracilg(PTU)—suppressgsynthesisgofgthyroidghormones.

MethimazolegTherapeuticgGoalg-
gcorrectganswer.gggg(1)greductiongofgthyroidghormonegproductiongingGraves'gdisease,g(2)gco

ntrolgofghyperthyroidismguntilgthegeffectsgofgradiationgongthegthyroidgbecomegmanifest,g(3)g
suppressiongofgthyroidghormonegproductiongbeforegsubtotalgthyroidectomy,g(4)gtreatmentg
ofgthyrotoxicgcrisis.

MonitoringgneedsgandgintervalsgforgMethimazoleg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggCheckgCBCgwithgdifferentialgifgsignsgorgsymptomsgofginfection.gCheckg

LFTsgifgsignsgorgsymptomsgofglivergdysfunction.

HighgRiskgPatientsgforgMethimazoleg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggShouldgbegavoidedgingthegfirstgtrimestergofgpregnancy.



MethimazolegToxicityg-gcorrectganswer.ggggAgranulocytosisgisgthegmostgdangerousgtoxicity.

PTUgHighgRiskgWarningg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggCarriesgagriskgforglivergtoxicity.gAlthoughgrare,gthegFDAgrecommendsga

gainstgusinggasgagfirst-linegtreatmentgduegtogpotentialgforghepaticgtoxicity.

Effectsgofgmaternalghypothyroidismgongoffspringgandgappropriategpatientgteachinggrelated
gtogneedgforgtreatment.g-

gcorrectganswer.ggggCangcausegdelaygingmentalgdevelopmentgandgderangementgofggrowth.

gIngthegabsencegofgthyroidghormones,gthegchildgdevelopsgaglargegandgprotrudinggtongue,g

potbelly,gandgdwarfishgstature.gDevelopmentgofgthegnervousgsystem,gbones,gteeth,gandgm
usclesgisgimpaired.

CongenitalgHypothyroidismgTreatmentg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggrequiresgreplacementgtherapygwithgthyroidghormones.gIfgtreatmentgisgin

itiatedgwithingagfewgdaysgofgbirth,gphysicalgandgmentalgdevelopmentgwillgbegnormal.

replacementgtherapygshouldgcontinuegforg3gyears,gaftergwhichgitgshouldgbegstoppedgforg4g
weeksgtogdeterminegwhethergthyroidgdeficiencygisgpermanentgorgtransient.

, PatientgTeachinggforgMethimazoleg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggTellgyourghealthcaregprovidersgthatgyougaregtakinggthisgdrug.g

Checkgbloodgworkgasgdirected.
Takinggthisgdruggmaygcausegharmgtogthegunborngbabygifgyougaregpregnant,gespeciallygingt
hegfirstgtrimester.
Ifgyougaregpregnantgorgbecomegpregnantgwhilegtakinggthisgdrug,gcallgyourghealthcaregprovi
dergrightgaway.
Tellgyourghealthcaregprovidergifgyougaregbreast-feedinggtogdiscussgrisksgtogthegbaby.
Havegyourgbaby'sgthyroidgcheckedgifgyougaregusinggthisgdruggandgbreast-feeding.
Agranulocytosisgisgthegmostgdangerousgtoxicitygriskgforgthisgmedicationgbutgisgverygrare.gS
oregthroatgandgfevergshouldgbegreportedgimmediately.g

PatientgTeachinggforgLevothyroxineg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggworksgbestgifgyougtakegitgongangemptygstomach,g30gtog60gminutesgbefor

egbreakfast.
takegthegmedicinegatgthegsamegtimegeachgday.

IdealgHbA1Cggoalgforgdiabetic,gnon-pregnantgadultsg-gcorrectganswer.gggglessgthang7%.

HbA1Cg8%g-
gcorrectganswer.gggghistorygofgsevereghypoglycemia,glimitedglifegexpectancy,gorgadvancedg

microvasculargorgmacrovasculargcomplications

HBA1CgValuegconsideredgdiagnosticgofgdiabetes.g-
gcorrectganswer.ggggagvaluegofg6.5%gorggreater



HbA1CgMeasuringgIntervalg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggeveryg3gmonthsguntilgvaluegisg<7%;geveryg6gmonthsgthereafter



HbA1CgGoalgforgOldergAdultsg-
gcorrectganswer.gggg<7.5%g[58gmmol/mol]),gwhilegthosegwithgmultiplegcoexistinggchronicgill

nesses,gcognitivegimpairment,gorgfunctionalgdependencegshouldghaveglessgstringentgglyc
emicggoalsg(suchgasgA1Cg<8.0-8.5%g[64-69gmmol/mol]).

CriteriagforgthegDiagnosisgofgDiabetesgMellitusg-gcorrectganswer.gggg-
Fastinggplasmagglucoseg≥126gmg/dL
-Randomgplasmagglucoseg≥g200gmg/dLgplusgsymptomsgofgdiabetes
-Oralgglucosegtolerancegtestg(OGTT):g2-hgplasmagglucoseg≥200gmg/dLcor
-HemoglobingA1cg6.5%gorghigher

T1DMgEtiologygandgMOAg-
gcorrectganswer.ggggAutoimmunegprocess;gLossgofgpancreaticgβgcells;



T2DMgEtiologygandgMOAg-gcorrectganswer.ggggUnknown—
butgtheregisgagstronggfamilialgassociation,gsuggestinggthatghereditygisgagriskgfactor;gInsuling
resistancegandginappropriateginsulingsecretion