NR602 Final Exam
Colposcopy exam- - CORRECT ANSWER procedure that visualizes vaginal, vulvar, or cervical
epithelium w/ magnification to id abnormal area to be bx
painful menstruation that prevents normal activity and requires medication
3 types: primary (no organic cause), secondary (pathologic cause) and membranous - causes intense
cramping pain due to passage of a cast of endometrium through undilated cervix - CORRECT
ANSWER Dysmenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea treatment - CORRECT ANSWER Tx- NSAIDs/tyelnol, heat, antiprostaglandins, OCP
w/ increased estrogen- pain relief r/t absence of ovulation, decreased prostaglandin production;
surgery
Dysmenorrhea mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER prostaglandin activity
-vaginal wall weakens and stretches and allows the bladder to bulge into the vagina - CORRECT
ANSWER Cystocele
Sx-felling of fullness or pressure in vagina, increased discomfort when you strain/cough/bear down,
feeling of incomplete empty, repeated bladder infection, pain or urinary leak during sex, bulge of
tissue into vaginal opening - CORRECT ANSWER Cystocele
Cystocele prevention - CORRECT ANSWER kegels, prevent constipation, avoid heavy lifting, avoid
wt gain
Rectocele - CORRECT ANSWER -When thin tissue of vagina separates the vaginal and rectum
allowing vaginal wall to bulge
Sx- soft bulge of tissue in vaginal, difficult BM, sensation of rectal pressure, incomplete emptying
after BM, sexual concerns - CORRECT ANSWER Rectocele
Causes of rectocele - CORRECT ANSWER Causes- constipation/strain, chronic cough, heavy lifting,
overweight, childbirth, age
,Retocele prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Prevention- kegels, prevent constipation, avoid heavy
lifting, cough, avoid wt gain
-pelvic floor muscles and ligaments stretch and weaken and no longer provide support for uterus
and protrude into vagina. - CORRECT ANSWER Uterine Prolapse
Uterine Prolapse causes - CORRECT ANSWER Causes- pregnancy, large baby delivery, lower
estrogen level after menopause, obesity Common in postmenopausal and one or more childbirth
Uterine Prolapse symptom - CORRECT ANSWER Sx- heaviness or pulling into pelvis, tissue
protruding from vagina, urinary probs (leakage, retention), trouble having BM, feeling of sitting on
small ball, sexual concerns
Uterine Prolapse prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Prevention- kegels, treat constipation, correct
lifting, avoid wt gain
uterine prolapse treatment - CORRECT ANSWER Tx- pessary
chronic viral infection caused by HSV1 or HSV2, relapsing - CORRECT ANSWER Herpes Simplex
Herpes Simplex prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Prevention: consistent condom use b/c viral
shedding can occur in asymptomatic periods and can lead to transmission. W/ symptoms-
Valacyclovir 500 mg daily
Herpes Simplex sign and symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER Sx-multiple painful vesicular or ulcerative
lesion on genitals, can be absent. Virus lays dormant and can be reactivated
Herpes Simplex diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER lays dormant and can be reactivated
Dx-cell culture and PCR
Herpes Simplex treatment - CORRECT ANSWER Tx- systemic antiviral. Acyclovir 7-10 days for 1st
episode, suppressive 200 mg daily BID
, Chancroid - CORRECT ANSWER -Transmitted via sexual contact or on hands that have touched
lesion. Caused by Haemophillus ducreyi
-Reportable disease
Chancroid symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER -Sx- erythematous papule that evolves into pustule and
degenerates into saucer shaped ragged ulcer that is circumscribed by inflammatory wheal. Tender,
heavy foul discharge that is contagious
Chancroid diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER Dx-culture that grows H ducreyi
Chancroid treatment - CORRECT ANSWER Tx- Abx azithromycin 1 g PO one time, ceftriaxone 250
mg IM 1 x, cipro 500 mg PO BID x3 days erythromycin 500 mg PO TID x7 days. Personal hygiene,
clean w/ soap and water, sitz bath
Syphilis - CORRECT ANSWER -chronic, systemic disease caused by a sphirochete transmitted via
contact with infectious moist lesion. Sexually acquired or vertically transmitted from infected mom.
Reportable disease
Syphilis transmitted - CORRECT ANSWER -Transmitted in primary and secondary stages
Primary-mucus mem 10-90 days later. Secondary- 2 wks-6mo after primary lesion then generalized
cutaneous eruption of secondary may appear. Latent- may last a lifetime
Syphilis prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Prevention- condom, wash w/ soap and water after sex,
screen ppl @ high risk (men that have sex with men, drug trafficers, correctional facilities)
Syphilis symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER Sx- [Primary]- Chancre- indurated firm painless papule or
ulcer w/ raised borders, women can have cervical or vaginal lesion....on any mucus mem.
[Secondary}-viral syndrome w/ diffuse lymphadenopathy AEB dermatitis, papulosquamous lesion on
palms and soles. Lesions on trunk will be macular or maculopapular popular or pustular other
systemic include patchy alopecia, hepatitis, nephritis. [Latent]- resolution of lesion of primary and
secondary or finding of serologic test w/o therapy
Syphilis Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER Dx- T pallidum sphirochetes on dark field exam of cutaneous
lesion, serologic testsing antibody titers
Syphilis treatment - CORRECT ANSWER Penicillin G
Colposcopy exam- - CORRECT ANSWER procedure that visualizes vaginal, vulvar, or cervical
epithelium w/ magnification to id abnormal area to be bx
painful menstruation that prevents normal activity and requires medication
3 types: primary (no organic cause), secondary (pathologic cause) and membranous - causes intense
cramping pain due to passage of a cast of endometrium through undilated cervix - CORRECT
ANSWER Dysmenorrhea
Dysmenorrhea treatment - CORRECT ANSWER Tx- NSAIDs/tyelnol, heat, antiprostaglandins, OCP
w/ increased estrogen- pain relief r/t absence of ovulation, decreased prostaglandin production;
surgery
Dysmenorrhea mechanism - CORRECT ANSWER prostaglandin activity
-vaginal wall weakens and stretches and allows the bladder to bulge into the vagina - CORRECT
ANSWER Cystocele
Sx-felling of fullness or pressure in vagina, increased discomfort when you strain/cough/bear down,
feeling of incomplete empty, repeated bladder infection, pain or urinary leak during sex, bulge of
tissue into vaginal opening - CORRECT ANSWER Cystocele
Cystocele prevention - CORRECT ANSWER kegels, prevent constipation, avoid heavy lifting, avoid
wt gain
Rectocele - CORRECT ANSWER -When thin tissue of vagina separates the vaginal and rectum
allowing vaginal wall to bulge
Sx- soft bulge of tissue in vaginal, difficult BM, sensation of rectal pressure, incomplete emptying
after BM, sexual concerns - CORRECT ANSWER Rectocele
Causes of rectocele - CORRECT ANSWER Causes- constipation/strain, chronic cough, heavy lifting,
overweight, childbirth, age
,Retocele prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Prevention- kegels, prevent constipation, avoid heavy
lifting, cough, avoid wt gain
-pelvic floor muscles and ligaments stretch and weaken and no longer provide support for uterus
and protrude into vagina. - CORRECT ANSWER Uterine Prolapse
Uterine Prolapse causes - CORRECT ANSWER Causes- pregnancy, large baby delivery, lower
estrogen level after menopause, obesity Common in postmenopausal and one or more childbirth
Uterine Prolapse symptom - CORRECT ANSWER Sx- heaviness or pulling into pelvis, tissue
protruding from vagina, urinary probs (leakage, retention), trouble having BM, feeling of sitting on
small ball, sexual concerns
Uterine Prolapse prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Prevention- kegels, treat constipation, correct
lifting, avoid wt gain
uterine prolapse treatment - CORRECT ANSWER Tx- pessary
chronic viral infection caused by HSV1 or HSV2, relapsing - CORRECT ANSWER Herpes Simplex
Herpes Simplex prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Prevention: consistent condom use b/c viral
shedding can occur in asymptomatic periods and can lead to transmission. W/ symptoms-
Valacyclovir 500 mg daily
Herpes Simplex sign and symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER Sx-multiple painful vesicular or ulcerative
lesion on genitals, can be absent. Virus lays dormant and can be reactivated
Herpes Simplex diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER lays dormant and can be reactivated
Dx-cell culture and PCR
Herpes Simplex treatment - CORRECT ANSWER Tx- systemic antiviral. Acyclovir 7-10 days for 1st
episode, suppressive 200 mg daily BID
, Chancroid - CORRECT ANSWER -Transmitted via sexual contact or on hands that have touched
lesion. Caused by Haemophillus ducreyi
-Reportable disease
Chancroid symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER -Sx- erythematous papule that evolves into pustule and
degenerates into saucer shaped ragged ulcer that is circumscribed by inflammatory wheal. Tender,
heavy foul discharge that is contagious
Chancroid diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER Dx-culture that grows H ducreyi
Chancroid treatment - CORRECT ANSWER Tx- Abx azithromycin 1 g PO one time, ceftriaxone 250
mg IM 1 x, cipro 500 mg PO BID x3 days erythromycin 500 mg PO TID x7 days. Personal hygiene,
clean w/ soap and water, sitz bath
Syphilis - CORRECT ANSWER -chronic, systemic disease caused by a sphirochete transmitted via
contact with infectious moist lesion. Sexually acquired or vertically transmitted from infected mom.
Reportable disease
Syphilis transmitted - CORRECT ANSWER -Transmitted in primary and secondary stages
Primary-mucus mem 10-90 days later. Secondary- 2 wks-6mo after primary lesion then generalized
cutaneous eruption of secondary may appear. Latent- may last a lifetime
Syphilis prevention - CORRECT ANSWER Prevention- condom, wash w/ soap and water after sex,
screen ppl @ high risk (men that have sex with men, drug trafficers, correctional facilities)
Syphilis symptoms - CORRECT ANSWER Sx- [Primary]- Chancre- indurated firm painless papule or
ulcer w/ raised borders, women can have cervical or vaginal lesion....on any mucus mem.
[Secondary}-viral syndrome w/ diffuse lymphadenopathy AEB dermatitis, papulosquamous lesion on
palms and soles. Lesions on trunk will be macular or maculopapular popular or pustular other
systemic include patchy alopecia, hepatitis, nephritis. [Latent]- resolution of lesion of primary and
secondary or finding of serologic test w/o therapy
Syphilis Diagnosis - CORRECT ANSWER Dx- T pallidum sphirochetes on dark field exam of cutaneous
lesion, serologic testsing antibody titers
Syphilis treatment - CORRECT ANSWER Penicillin G
