HLT 250 EXAM WITH QUESTIONS AND
100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
Cholinergic - ANSWER Parasympathetic stimulation
What do cholinergic drugs do? - ANSWER Act like acetylcholine and prevent the
release of the enzyme that breaks acetylcholine down (acetylcholinesterase)
What happens in a cholinergic crisis? - ANSWER Skeletal and smooth muscle
dysfunction; abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, excessive salivation, muscle weakness,
rigidity and spasm, jaw clenching
What are cholinergic drugs mainly used for? - ANSWER Myasthenia gravis,
glaucoma, urinary retention
What is a common antidote for cholinergic drugs? - ANSWER Atropine
(anticholinergic)
Cholinergic; glaucoma - ANSWER Pilocarpine, carbachol
Cholinergic; myasthenia gravis - ANSWER Ambenonium and pyridostigmine
Cholinergic; urinary retention - ANSWER Ambenonium, bethanechol,
pyridostigmine
Anticholinergic - ANSWER Blocks parasympathetic nervous system
What do anticholinergic drugs do? - ANSWER Block acetylcholine
What are anticholinergics mostly used for? - ANSWER Pylorospasm, peptic ulcers,
gallbladder pain, vagal induced Brady, Parkinson's, preoperatively to dry up
secretions
What is a very general anticholinergic drug? - ANSWER Atropine
What is extrinsic asthma? - ANSWER Caused by allergies
What is intrinsic asthma? - ANSWER Caused by things like emotions and
chemicals
, Emphysema - ANSWER a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged
and enlarged, causing breathlessness.
chronic bronchitis - ANSWER Irritation of the major lung passageways from
infectious disease or irritants such as smoke
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - ANSWER emphysema/bronchitis
What two groups of bronchodilators are there? - ANSWER Sympathomimetics and
Xanthine derivatives
What anticholinergic is also used for bronchodilation? - ANSWER Ipratropium
Sympathomimetic bronchodilators - ANSWER Albuterol, epinephrine, salmetrol,
terbutaline, isoproterenol
Long acting sympathomimetic bronchodilators - ANSWER Salmetrol, formoterol,
arformoterol
How do xanthine derivatives bronchodilate? - ANSWER Directly relaxing, rather
than triggering SNS
Xanthine derivative with its own term - ANSWER Theophylline
What are the broad categories of anti asthma drugs? - ANSWER Corticosteroids,
leukotriene receptor antagonists, leuokotrine formation inhibitors, Mast cell
stabilizers
How do corticosteroids work? - ANSWER Increase sensitivity of B2 receptors so
that other drugs can be more effective
What are some corticosteroids? - ANSWER Beclomethasone, flunisolide,
fluticasone
What are leuokotrienes? - ANSWER Bronchoconstrictive substances released
during inflammation
What are the three antileukotrine drugs? - ANSWER Zileuton, montelukast,
zafirlukast
Why is zileuton different from montelukast and zafirlukast? - ANSWER Zileuton is
a leukotriene formation inhibitor. The others are receptor antagonists
100% VERIFIED ANSWERS
Cholinergic - ANSWER Parasympathetic stimulation
What do cholinergic drugs do? - ANSWER Act like acetylcholine and prevent the
release of the enzyme that breaks acetylcholine down (acetylcholinesterase)
What happens in a cholinergic crisis? - ANSWER Skeletal and smooth muscle
dysfunction; abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, excessive salivation, muscle weakness,
rigidity and spasm, jaw clenching
What are cholinergic drugs mainly used for? - ANSWER Myasthenia gravis,
glaucoma, urinary retention
What is a common antidote for cholinergic drugs? - ANSWER Atropine
(anticholinergic)
Cholinergic; glaucoma - ANSWER Pilocarpine, carbachol
Cholinergic; myasthenia gravis - ANSWER Ambenonium and pyridostigmine
Cholinergic; urinary retention - ANSWER Ambenonium, bethanechol,
pyridostigmine
Anticholinergic - ANSWER Blocks parasympathetic nervous system
What do anticholinergic drugs do? - ANSWER Block acetylcholine
What are anticholinergics mostly used for? - ANSWER Pylorospasm, peptic ulcers,
gallbladder pain, vagal induced Brady, Parkinson's, preoperatively to dry up
secretions
What is a very general anticholinergic drug? - ANSWER Atropine
What is extrinsic asthma? - ANSWER Caused by allergies
What is intrinsic asthma? - ANSWER Caused by things like emotions and
chemicals
, Emphysema - ANSWER a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged
and enlarged, causing breathlessness.
chronic bronchitis - ANSWER Irritation of the major lung passageways from
infectious disease or irritants such as smoke
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) - ANSWER emphysema/bronchitis
What two groups of bronchodilators are there? - ANSWER Sympathomimetics and
Xanthine derivatives
What anticholinergic is also used for bronchodilation? - ANSWER Ipratropium
Sympathomimetic bronchodilators - ANSWER Albuterol, epinephrine, salmetrol,
terbutaline, isoproterenol
Long acting sympathomimetic bronchodilators - ANSWER Salmetrol, formoterol,
arformoterol
How do xanthine derivatives bronchodilate? - ANSWER Directly relaxing, rather
than triggering SNS
Xanthine derivative with its own term - ANSWER Theophylline
What are the broad categories of anti asthma drugs? - ANSWER Corticosteroids,
leukotriene receptor antagonists, leuokotrine formation inhibitors, Mast cell
stabilizers
How do corticosteroids work? - ANSWER Increase sensitivity of B2 receptors so
that other drugs can be more effective
What are some corticosteroids? - ANSWER Beclomethasone, flunisolide,
fluticasone
What are leuokotrienes? - ANSWER Bronchoconstrictive substances released
during inflammation
What are the three antileukotrine drugs? - ANSWER Zileuton, montelukast,
zafirlukast
Why is zileuton different from montelukast and zafirlukast? - ANSWER Zileuton is
a leukotriene formation inhibitor. The others are receptor antagonists
