The Fourteenth Amendment
★ Equal protection under the law
★ Selective incorporation
Selective Incorporation
★ initially did not apply to the states
○ Selective incorporation
○ Courts would decide
★ Federal govt couldn't take away but states could
○ 60s- states federal government and state government are in alignment
with amendments
○ Applied to states now
First Amendment
★ Freedom of religion, assembly, protesting, press
★ Establishment clause
○ Freedom from the state imposing any particular religion
★ Free exercise clause
○ Freedom to practice one’s religion of choice without state interference
■ Also protects the right to be a nonbeliever
■ West virginia state board of education v. barnette (1943)
Establishment clause
★ Freedom from the state imposing any particular religion
Exclusionary rule
★ Exclusionary rule: the ability of courts to exclude illegally obtained evidence
Miranda v. Arizona
★ Can police practice interrogating individuals without notifying them of their right
to counsel and their protection against self-incrimination violate the fifth
amendment.
★ No
★ Miranda rights
, ○ Requirement that prior to police interrogation, persons who are under
arrest must be informed of their right to remain silent
Griswold v. Connecticut
★ Question:
○ Does the Constitution protect the right of marital privacy against state
restrictions on a couple's ability to be counseled in the use of
contraceptives?
★ Conclusion:
○ Though the Constitution does not explicitly protect a general right to
privacy, the various guarantees within the Bill of Rights create penumbras,
or zones, that establish a right to privacy.
○ Together, the First, Third, Fourth, and Ninth Amendments, create a new
constitutional right, the right to privacy in marital relations. The
Connecticut statute conflicts with the exercise of this right and is therefore
null and void.
Civil liberties
★ Are areas of personal freedom protected from government interference
★ Protection from government
Civil Rights
★ Government advocates for minorities
America’s fundamental political values
★ equality, rule of law
★ limited government
★ representative government
Political ideology
★ Ideology
○ Conservative- republican
○ Liberals- democrats
Gender Gap
★ A gender gap, a relative disparity between people of different genders, is reflected
in a variety of sectors in many societies. There exist differences between men and
women as reflected in social, political, intellectual, cultural, scientific or economic
attainments or attitudes.
★ Equal protection under the law
★ Selective incorporation
Selective Incorporation
★ initially did not apply to the states
○ Selective incorporation
○ Courts would decide
★ Federal govt couldn't take away but states could
○ 60s- states federal government and state government are in alignment
with amendments
○ Applied to states now
First Amendment
★ Freedom of religion, assembly, protesting, press
★ Establishment clause
○ Freedom from the state imposing any particular religion
★ Free exercise clause
○ Freedom to practice one’s religion of choice without state interference
■ Also protects the right to be a nonbeliever
■ West virginia state board of education v. barnette (1943)
Establishment clause
★ Freedom from the state imposing any particular religion
Exclusionary rule
★ Exclusionary rule: the ability of courts to exclude illegally obtained evidence
Miranda v. Arizona
★ Can police practice interrogating individuals without notifying them of their right
to counsel and their protection against self-incrimination violate the fifth
amendment.
★ No
★ Miranda rights
, ○ Requirement that prior to police interrogation, persons who are under
arrest must be informed of their right to remain silent
Griswold v. Connecticut
★ Question:
○ Does the Constitution protect the right of marital privacy against state
restrictions on a couple's ability to be counseled in the use of
contraceptives?
★ Conclusion:
○ Though the Constitution does not explicitly protect a general right to
privacy, the various guarantees within the Bill of Rights create penumbras,
or zones, that establish a right to privacy.
○ Together, the First, Third, Fourth, and Ninth Amendments, create a new
constitutional right, the right to privacy in marital relations. The
Connecticut statute conflicts with the exercise of this right and is therefore
null and void.
Civil liberties
★ Are areas of personal freedom protected from government interference
★ Protection from government
Civil Rights
★ Government advocates for minorities
America’s fundamental political values
★ equality, rule of law
★ limited government
★ representative government
Political ideology
★ Ideology
○ Conservative- republican
○ Liberals- democrats
Gender Gap
★ A gender gap, a relative disparity between people of different genders, is reflected
in a variety of sectors in many societies. There exist differences between men and
women as reflected in social, political, intellectual, cultural, scientific or economic
attainments or attitudes.
