ATI- Nursing Care of Children
When does the posterior fontanel close? - answer between 6 and 8 weeks of age
When does the anterior fontanel close? - answer between 12 and 18 months of age
what kind of test should you use to test the visual acuity of children who are unable to read letters
and numbers? - answer tumbling E, HOTV
how should older children be tested for visual acuity? - answer Snellen chart or symbol chart
The Ishihara color test or the Hardy-Rand-Rittler color test are used to assess ____________
_________ - answer color vision
peripheral visual fields should be-
upward _________ degrees
downward _________ degrees
nasally _________ degrees
temporally _________ degrees
peripheral vision is evaluated by having the client fixate on an object and say when it is moved out of
range. - answer 50, 70, 60, 90
amount of teeth that infants should have by one year of age: ______ to ______
________ deciduous teeth
________ permanent teeth - answer 6 to 8, 20, 32
unilateral or bilateral breast enlargement that occurs for males during puberty - answer
gynecomastia
rooting and sucking reflex should be seen from birth to _____ months - answer 4
palmar grasp should be seen from birth to ______ months - answer 3
,plantar grasp, or when the infant's toes curl downward after the sole of their foot is touched, is seen
from birth to ______ months - answer 8
the moro reflex (startle) is seen from birth to ______ months. a typical reaction is when the infant's
arms and legs symmetrically extend and then abduct while her fingers spread to form a C shape. -
answer 4
elicited by turning an infant's head to one side. The infant extends the arm and leg on that side and
flexes the arm and leg on the opposite side.
Seen from birth to 3 to 4 months. - answer tonic neck reflex (or fencer position)
elicited by stroking the outer edge of the sole of an infant's foot up toward the toes. The infant's
toes fan upward and out.
This is seen from birth to one year. - answer babinski reflex
Stepping is elicited by holding an infant upright with his feet touching a flat surface. The infant will
then make stepping movements. This lasts from birth to _______________. - answer 4 weeks
able to stand with slight swaying while eyes are closed, tests cerebellar function - answer Romberg
test
infants gain approximately 150 to 210 g (about 5 to 7 oz) per week the first 6 months of life. Birth
weight is at least doubled by the age of ____ months, and tripled by the age of ____ months. -
answer 6, 12
the circumference of infants' heads increases approximately 1.5 cm ( ____" ) per month for the first
6 months of life, and then approx. 0.5 cm ( ______" ) between 6 and 12 months of age. - answer
0.6, 0.2
should only be used in infants over the age of 6 months - answer ibuprofen
,demonstrates head lag and has a grasp reflex - answer 1 month
lifts head off mattress when prone, holds hands in an open position - answer 2 months
raises head and shoulders off mattress when prone, only a slight head lag.
No longer has a grasp reflex. Keeps hands loosely open. - answer 3 months
rolls from back to side, places objects in mouth - answer 4 months
rolls from front to back, uses palmar grasp dominantly - answer 5 months
rolls from back to front, holds bottle - answer 6 months
bears full weight on feet, moves objects from hand to hand - answer 7 months
sits unsupported, begins using pincer grasp - answer 8 months
pulls to a standing position, creeps on hands and knees instead of crawling. Has a crude pincer grasp.
- answer 9 months
changes from prone to a sitting position. Grasps rattle by its handle. - answer 10 months
walks while holding on to something. Places objects into a container, has a neat pincer grasp. -
answer 11 months
sits down from a standing position without assistance. Tries to build a two-block tower without
success. - answer 12 months
supplements recommended for infants who are being exclusively breastfed after the age of four
months. - answer iron
, infants and toddlers remain in a rear-facing car seat until the age of ___ years or the height
recommended by the manufacturer. - answer 2
crib slats should be no further apart than 6 cm. Crib mobiles or crib gyms should be removed by __
to __ months of age. - answer 4-5
preschoolers (3-6 years) should gain about 2 to 3 kg ( ____ to ____ lb) per year and grow about 6.5
to 9 cm ( 2.6 to 3.5 in) per year - answer 4.4 to 6.6 lb
by age ____, a preschooler can ride a tricycle, jump off bottom step, and stand on one foot for a few
seconds - answer 3
by age ____, a preschooler can skip and hop on one foot. He should also throw the ball overhead. -
answer 4
by age ____, a preschooler can jump rope, walk backward with heel to toe, as well as throw and
catch a ball with ease. - answer 5
need 13 to 19 g/day of protein in addition to adequate calcium, iron, folate, and vitamins A and C -
answer preschoolers
on average, preschoolers need about ____ Hours of sleep per day. Some may still require a daytime
nap. - answer 12
it is recommended that children use an approved car restraint system until they achieve a height of
145 cm (or ___ feet ____ " ) - answer 4 feet, 9 inches
school-age children (6 to 12 years) will gain about 2 to 3 kg ( ___ to ___ lb) per year and grow about
5 cm ( ___ inches) per year - answer 4.4 to 6.6, 2
for piaget's "Concrete operations" stage, school-age children master the concept of conservation.
Conversation of _______ is understood first, followed by _______, and then _______. - answer
mass, weight, volume
When does the posterior fontanel close? - answer between 6 and 8 weeks of age
When does the anterior fontanel close? - answer between 12 and 18 months of age
what kind of test should you use to test the visual acuity of children who are unable to read letters
and numbers? - answer tumbling E, HOTV
how should older children be tested for visual acuity? - answer Snellen chart or symbol chart
The Ishihara color test or the Hardy-Rand-Rittler color test are used to assess ____________
_________ - answer color vision
peripheral visual fields should be-
upward _________ degrees
downward _________ degrees
nasally _________ degrees
temporally _________ degrees
peripheral vision is evaluated by having the client fixate on an object and say when it is moved out of
range. - answer 50, 70, 60, 90
amount of teeth that infants should have by one year of age: ______ to ______
________ deciduous teeth
________ permanent teeth - answer 6 to 8, 20, 32
unilateral or bilateral breast enlargement that occurs for males during puberty - answer
gynecomastia
rooting and sucking reflex should be seen from birth to _____ months - answer 4
palmar grasp should be seen from birth to ______ months - answer 3
,plantar grasp, or when the infant's toes curl downward after the sole of their foot is touched, is seen
from birth to ______ months - answer 8
the moro reflex (startle) is seen from birth to ______ months. a typical reaction is when the infant's
arms and legs symmetrically extend and then abduct while her fingers spread to form a C shape. -
answer 4
elicited by turning an infant's head to one side. The infant extends the arm and leg on that side and
flexes the arm and leg on the opposite side.
Seen from birth to 3 to 4 months. - answer tonic neck reflex (or fencer position)
elicited by stroking the outer edge of the sole of an infant's foot up toward the toes. The infant's
toes fan upward and out.
This is seen from birth to one year. - answer babinski reflex
Stepping is elicited by holding an infant upright with his feet touching a flat surface. The infant will
then make stepping movements. This lasts from birth to _______________. - answer 4 weeks
able to stand with slight swaying while eyes are closed, tests cerebellar function - answer Romberg
test
infants gain approximately 150 to 210 g (about 5 to 7 oz) per week the first 6 months of life. Birth
weight is at least doubled by the age of ____ months, and tripled by the age of ____ months. -
answer 6, 12
the circumference of infants' heads increases approximately 1.5 cm ( ____" ) per month for the first
6 months of life, and then approx. 0.5 cm ( ______" ) between 6 and 12 months of age. - answer
0.6, 0.2
should only be used in infants over the age of 6 months - answer ibuprofen
,demonstrates head lag and has a grasp reflex - answer 1 month
lifts head off mattress when prone, holds hands in an open position - answer 2 months
raises head and shoulders off mattress when prone, only a slight head lag.
No longer has a grasp reflex. Keeps hands loosely open. - answer 3 months
rolls from back to side, places objects in mouth - answer 4 months
rolls from front to back, uses palmar grasp dominantly - answer 5 months
rolls from back to front, holds bottle - answer 6 months
bears full weight on feet, moves objects from hand to hand - answer 7 months
sits unsupported, begins using pincer grasp - answer 8 months
pulls to a standing position, creeps on hands and knees instead of crawling. Has a crude pincer grasp.
- answer 9 months
changes from prone to a sitting position. Grasps rattle by its handle. - answer 10 months
walks while holding on to something. Places objects into a container, has a neat pincer grasp. -
answer 11 months
sits down from a standing position without assistance. Tries to build a two-block tower without
success. - answer 12 months
supplements recommended for infants who are being exclusively breastfed after the age of four
months. - answer iron
, infants and toddlers remain in a rear-facing car seat until the age of ___ years or the height
recommended by the manufacturer. - answer 2
crib slats should be no further apart than 6 cm. Crib mobiles or crib gyms should be removed by __
to __ months of age. - answer 4-5
preschoolers (3-6 years) should gain about 2 to 3 kg ( ____ to ____ lb) per year and grow about 6.5
to 9 cm ( 2.6 to 3.5 in) per year - answer 4.4 to 6.6 lb
by age ____, a preschooler can ride a tricycle, jump off bottom step, and stand on one foot for a few
seconds - answer 3
by age ____, a preschooler can skip and hop on one foot. He should also throw the ball overhead. -
answer 4
by age ____, a preschooler can jump rope, walk backward with heel to toe, as well as throw and
catch a ball with ease. - answer 5
need 13 to 19 g/day of protein in addition to adequate calcium, iron, folate, and vitamins A and C -
answer preschoolers
on average, preschoolers need about ____ Hours of sleep per day. Some may still require a daytime
nap. - answer 12
it is recommended that children use an approved car restraint system until they achieve a height of
145 cm (or ___ feet ____ " ) - answer 4 feet, 9 inches
school-age children (6 to 12 years) will gain about 2 to 3 kg ( ___ to ___ lb) per year and grow about
5 cm ( ___ inches) per year - answer 4.4 to 6.6, 2
for piaget's "Concrete operations" stage, school-age children master the concept of conservation.
Conversation of _______ is understood first, followed by _______, and then _______. - answer
mass, weight, volume
