COMSAE Cramming
drug for UC/Crohns - ANS sulfasalazine
pulmonary effects of CF - ANS chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis
Osteoporosis affects what parts of bone? - ANS (spongy and ) trabecular bone mass loss
Imipramine is what type of drug? - ANS TCA
SE: Tri-Cs
convulsions
coma
cardiotox
antichol effects- confusion in elderly; (acute glaucoma and orthostatic hypotension- block
alpha1)
loratadine vs ranitidine - ANS loratadine: 2nd gen H1 blocker, does not cross BBB --> less
sedating
ranitidine: H2 receptor antagonist (like cimetidine)
H1 think allergies
H2 think gastric
What organism presents as cells w RBCs inside - ANS entamoeba histolytica
Which type of pneumothorax causes tracheal deviation to the contra side? - ANS tension
intracerebral hemorrhage adjacent to a lesion that contains a tangle of numerous tortuous
vessels - ANS AVM arteriovenous malformation
What is a cavernous hemangioma - ANS benign tumor of liver, A/W VHL
anti-HepB surface antibody is only present in what population - ANS recovered or immunized
not in chronic or acute
proctalgia fugax is a form of what? - ANS levator ani syndrome
,Proctalgia fugax is a form of levator syndrome (also called levator ani syndrome). Both include
spasms of muscles in the pelvic area. Proctalgia fugax is temporary, but other types of levator
syndrome can last for several days. Another major difference is the location of the pain.
fasciculus is UMN or LMN lesion? - ANS LMN
antibodies in hashimoto's attacks - ANS thyroid peroxidase or antithyroglobulin
enlarged non tender thyroid
2 factors that influence starling curve - ANS x axis- preload (EDV)
y axis- stroke volume or CO
treatment for fibromyalgia includes - ANS TCA, SNRIs anticonvulsants
What drugs block NE reuptake? - ANS TCA or SNRIs
possible complication of paget's bone disease - ANS osteosarcoma
What does Hct tell you? - ANS ratio of volume of RBCs compared to total blood volume
Probenecid MOA ? Common risk factor? - ANS inhibits reabsorption of uric acid in PCT
- also inhibits secretion of PCN
- can cause uric acid calculi
2 causes of SCID include - ANS 1.) ADA deficiency
(adenosine deaminase required for degradation of adenosine and deoxyadenosine
- in ADA deficiency, high levels of dATP --> toxicity in lymphocytes --> SCID
2.) (most common) mutations in the gamma chain shared by a number of interleukin receptors
(X-SCID)
lithium's effects on urination - ANS inhibits vasopressin/ADH --> increased urinary frequency
—> diabetes insipidus
infertility drug that can result in multiple fetuses? MOA? Side effects? - ANS clomiphene
(clones- multiple babies)
antagonist at estrogen R in hypothalamus (thus inhibits normal negative feedback)
upregulates LH and FSH release from pituitary --> ovulation
Used to treat infertility and polycystic ovarian syndrome. may cause hot flashes, ovarian
enlargement, multiple simultaneous pregnancies and visual disturbances.
,AFP levels in down syndrome? - ANS low AFP
Which GI malformation is A/W down syndrome - ANS Hirschsprung- congenital aganglionic
megacolon
defective relaxation and peristalsis of rectum and distal sigmoid colon
failure to pass meconium, empty rectal vault, megacolon
myasthenia gravis associations - ANS thymoma, thymic hyperplasia
ptosis, diplopia, can affect chewing, swallowing, speaking, shoulders, respiration
tx for tinea? - ANS azoles
Can you give beta blockers for asthma? - ANS Nope- even beta 1s can be nonselective at
higher doses
what kind of teratogenic effects are seen w ACE/ARBs - ANS fetal renal agenesis
What does stones bones groans moans psychic overtones indicate - ANS high Ca or PTH
PTH is made by what cells? - ANS chief cells of parathyroid gland
PTH inhibits reabsorption of phosphate where? increases calcium resorption where? - ANS
PO4- proximal tubule
ca- DCT
most common cause of cellulitis - ANS staph aureus, strep pyogenes
FPR- direct or indirect? active or passive? - ANS indirect- place them in position of diagnosis
passive
can't treat kid w tetracycline so what do you give? - ANS amoxicillin
Which Heps are there currently vaccines for? - ANS A and B (and so by virtue, also D)
Why does Hep D need Hep B? - ANS Hep D utilizes the HBV surface antigen as its envelope?
most common hepatitis A/W IVDA in the US - ANS hep c
Roseola symptoms, population, and cause - ANS 4 day high fever
then rash on the trunk (spares face)
, affects babies up to 2 years
HHV6- affects CD4 helper cells and kills them off
erythema infectiosum is aka? What causes it ? What are the symptoms? - ANS slapped cheek
parvovirus B19
nonspecific fever/prodrome then slapped cheek rash 5 days later, then rash appears on arms
and spreads to trunk/legs
rash can worsen w fever and sun exposure
TORCH infxn so baby in womb that is exposed can lead to hydrops fetalis
most common STD - ANS chlamydia
sxs similar to STI plus discharge
will have high neutrophil count
dimorphic- butterflies - ANS candida, histo, cocci, paracocci, blasto, sporothrix,
butterflies huge pair of cocc catching stamp
hip restricted in internal rotation
dx? - ANS innom outflare
immune complex in glomerular mesangium 2 days after URI
Berger or PSGN? - ANS berger
PSGN is 2 wks post URI
college student w nonspecific symptoms
nonproductive cough, sore throat
CXR- diffuse infiltrates - ANS mycoplasma pneumoniae
test for trichomonas - ANS nucleic acid amplification
painless enlargement tumor in left testis 75 yo - ANS diffuse large B cell lymphoma
drug for UC/Crohns - ANS sulfasalazine
pulmonary effects of CF - ANS chronic bronchitis and bronchiectasis
Osteoporosis affects what parts of bone? - ANS (spongy and ) trabecular bone mass loss
Imipramine is what type of drug? - ANS TCA
SE: Tri-Cs
convulsions
coma
cardiotox
antichol effects- confusion in elderly; (acute glaucoma and orthostatic hypotension- block
alpha1)
loratadine vs ranitidine - ANS loratadine: 2nd gen H1 blocker, does not cross BBB --> less
sedating
ranitidine: H2 receptor antagonist (like cimetidine)
H1 think allergies
H2 think gastric
What organism presents as cells w RBCs inside - ANS entamoeba histolytica
Which type of pneumothorax causes tracheal deviation to the contra side? - ANS tension
intracerebral hemorrhage adjacent to a lesion that contains a tangle of numerous tortuous
vessels - ANS AVM arteriovenous malformation
What is a cavernous hemangioma - ANS benign tumor of liver, A/W VHL
anti-HepB surface antibody is only present in what population - ANS recovered or immunized
not in chronic or acute
proctalgia fugax is a form of what? - ANS levator ani syndrome
,Proctalgia fugax is a form of levator syndrome (also called levator ani syndrome). Both include
spasms of muscles in the pelvic area. Proctalgia fugax is temporary, but other types of levator
syndrome can last for several days. Another major difference is the location of the pain.
fasciculus is UMN or LMN lesion? - ANS LMN
antibodies in hashimoto's attacks - ANS thyroid peroxidase or antithyroglobulin
enlarged non tender thyroid
2 factors that influence starling curve - ANS x axis- preload (EDV)
y axis- stroke volume or CO
treatment for fibromyalgia includes - ANS TCA, SNRIs anticonvulsants
What drugs block NE reuptake? - ANS TCA or SNRIs
possible complication of paget's bone disease - ANS osteosarcoma
What does Hct tell you? - ANS ratio of volume of RBCs compared to total blood volume
Probenecid MOA ? Common risk factor? - ANS inhibits reabsorption of uric acid in PCT
- also inhibits secretion of PCN
- can cause uric acid calculi
2 causes of SCID include - ANS 1.) ADA deficiency
(adenosine deaminase required for degradation of adenosine and deoxyadenosine
- in ADA deficiency, high levels of dATP --> toxicity in lymphocytes --> SCID
2.) (most common) mutations in the gamma chain shared by a number of interleukin receptors
(X-SCID)
lithium's effects on urination - ANS inhibits vasopressin/ADH --> increased urinary frequency
—> diabetes insipidus
infertility drug that can result in multiple fetuses? MOA? Side effects? - ANS clomiphene
(clones- multiple babies)
antagonist at estrogen R in hypothalamus (thus inhibits normal negative feedback)
upregulates LH and FSH release from pituitary --> ovulation
Used to treat infertility and polycystic ovarian syndrome. may cause hot flashes, ovarian
enlargement, multiple simultaneous pregnancies and visual disturbances.
,AFP levels in down syndrome? - ANS low AFP
Which GI malformation is A/W down syndrome - ANS Hirschsprung- congenital aganglionic
megacolon
defective relaxation and peristalsis of rectum and distal sigmoid colon
failure to pass meconium, empty rectal vault, megacolon
myasthenia gravis associations - ANS thymoma, thymic hyperplasia
ptosis, diplopia, can affect chewing, swallowing, speaking, shoulders, respiration
tx for tinea? - ANS azoles
Can you give beta blockers for asthma? - ANS Nope- even beta 1s can be nonselective at
higher doses
what kind of teratogenic effects are seen w ACE/ARBs - ANS fetal renal agenesis
What does stones bones groans moans psychic overtones indicate - ANS high Ca or PTH
PTH is made by what cells? - ANS chief cells of parathyroid gland
PTH inhibits reabsorption of phosphate where? increases calcium resorption where? - ANS
PO4- proximal tubule
ca- DCT
most common cause of cellulitis - ANS staph aureus, strep pyogenes
FPR- direct or indirect? active or passive? - ANS indirect- place them in position of diagnosis
passive
can't treat kid w tetracycline so what do you give? - ANS amoxicillin
Which Heps are there currently vaccines for? - ANS A and B (and so by virtue, also D)
Why does Hep D need Hep B? - ANS Hep D utilizes the HBV surface antigen as its envelope?
most common hepatitis A/W IVDA in the US - ANS hep c
Roseola symptoms, population, and cause - ANS 4 day high fever
then rash on the trunk (spares face)
, affects babies up to 2 years
HHV6- affects CD4 helper cells and kills them off
erythema infectiosum is aka? What causes it ? What are the symptoms? - ANS slapped cheek
parvovirus B19
nonspecific fever/prodrome then slapped cheek rash 5 days later, then rash appears on arms
and spreads to trunk/legs
rash can worsen w fever and sun exposure
TORCH infxn so baby in womb that is exposed can lead to hydrops fetalis
most common STD - ANS chlamydia
sxs similar to STI plus discharge
will have high neutrophil count
dimorphic- butterflies - ANS candida, histo, cocci, paracocci, blasto, sporothrix,
butterflies huge pair of cocc catching stamp
hip restricted in internal rotation
dx? - ANS innom outflare
immune complex in glomerular mesangium 2 days after URI
Berger or PSGN? - ANS berger
PSGN is 2 wks post URI
college student w nonspecific symptoms
nonproductive cough, sore throat
CXR- diffuse infiltrates - ANS mycoplasma pneumoniae
test for trichomonas - ANS nucleic acid amplification
painless enlargement tumor in left testis 75 yo - ANS diffuse large B cell lymphoma
