NR 503 Final exam
The nurse practitioner is reviewing a recent study that utilizes analytic epidemiology
by means of a cohort study design. The cohort study design informs the practitioner
about which of the following - ANSWER Outcomes that develop from an exposure
A group of providers have implemented population-based intervention and are now
assessing the efficacy of the intervention. Which of the following would be an
example of a population based outcome? - ANSWER Decreased mortality rate
compared to previous year
Appraisal of research publications is critical as providers assess for relevance to
population health. Which of the following items should be considered during the
appraisal process? Select all that apply. - ANSWER Outcome measure,
Transparency, Internal Validity
What is being compared in a cohort study design? - ANSWER The incidence of a
disease between exposed and non-exposed individuals
Analytic epidemiology is best described as: - ANSWER Studies that investigate
origins and casuals' factors of health-related events
You are part of a research group investigating association between exposure and
disease. Which study design is a best fit for this type of study: - ANSWER Case-
Control Study
The provider is concerned about what appears to be an increase in the mortality rate
for their community. Mortality is an example of which of the following: - ANSWER
Vital statistic
An example of a tertiary prevention measure for chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease is: - ANSWER Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Which of the following statements best describe efficacy? - ANSWER It is an
estimate of the benefit of treatment under ideal conditions
It is an estimate of the reduction of disease in treated groups
A study is conducted for a pharmaceutical agent that has shown promise for
reducing heart disease among women. In order to more fully test the agent, an
additional study is done restricting the participants to be randomized to those who
have a history of hypertension. Which of the following advantages cannot be claimed
by the researchers? - ANSWER The generalizability of the study is increased
What is the main advantage of the randomization of the 168 study participants to one
of the two drug treatment groups? - ANSWER Reduces selection bias
After entry into the study, patients were first classified into three groups, those who
had a previous AMI, those with a first AMI who were at high risk for other
, cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure, and those with a first AMI
who were at low risk for other cardiovascular diseases. Which term best describes
the study design? - ANSWER Randomized clinical trial with stratified randomization
After assignment to treatment group, 77% of those in the placebo group were men,
while 80% of those in the drug X group were men. Which statement is most likely to
be true? - ANSWER Randomization was successful since the investigators did not
alter the selection of participants in either group in order to ensure equal
percentages of men
A preliminary analysis was conducted after 6 months and found that 87% of
participants in the placebo group and 85% of those in the drug X group had taken
more than 90% of their prescribed dosages. Which statement best describes this
finding? - ANSWER The characteristics of patients who failed to comply with the
treatment dosages should be assessed as they may differ from those who complied
Which of the following statements best describes the reason for conducting the study
as a double-blind trial? - ANSWER Double blinding ensures that potential biases
regarding selection, follow-up, and analysis can be reduced
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers
who want to quit were randomized to one of four groups: control ..... brochures and a
monthly phone call from a counselor. Participants received mailed surveys at 8, 16,
and 24 months after randomization. The results after 2 years are in the table below.
Which group had the least success in terms of quitting smoking? - ANSWER Group
QS
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers
who want to quit were randomized to one of four groups: control group C who
received no intervention assistance, quitting guide group Q who received brochures
about how to quit smoking, quitting guide and support group QS who received
quitting brochures as well as social support brochures listing benefits of smoking
cessation, and telephone support group T who received the brochures and a monthly
phone call from a counselor. Participants received mailed surveys at 8, 16, and 24
months after randomization. The results after 2 years are in the table below. What is
the main purpose of randomization in this study? - ANSWER To avoid assigning
more persons who have tried and failed to quit in the past to the control group
Test A has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 90%. Test B has a sensitivity of
80% and a specificity of 98%. In a community of 10,000 people with 5% prevalence
of the disease, Test A has always been given before Test B. What is the best reason
for changing the order of the tests? - ANSWER The total number of false positives
found by both tests is decreased if Test B is given first
This table represents the results of coronary magnetic resonance (CMR)
angiography compared to x-ray angiography (the gold standard in diagnosis of
coronary artery disease) in a high-risk population of patients scheduled to undergo x-
ray angiography for suspected coronary artery disease.After reviewing the results of
the test comparison, an epidemiologist decides that the specificity of the test is too
low. Using the same CMR images, he raises the cutoff value for a positive test to
The nurse practitioner is reviewing a recent study that utilizes analytic epidemiology
by means of a cohort study design. The cohort study design informs the practitioner
about which of the following - ANSWER Outcomes that develop from an exposure
A group of providers have implemented population-based intervention and are now
assessing the efficacy of the intervention. Which of the following would be an
example of a population based outcome? - ANSWER Decreased mortality rate
compared to previous year
Appraisal of research publications is critical as providers assess for relevance to
population health. Which of the following items should be considered during the
appraisal process? Select all that apply. - ANSWER Outcome measure,
Transparency, Internal Validity
What is being compared in a cohort study design? - ANSWER The incidence of a
disease between exposed and non-exposed individuals
Analytic epidemiology is best described as: - ANSWER Studies that investigate
origins and casuals' factors of health-related events
You are part of a research group investigating association between exposure and
disease. Which study design is a best fit for this type of study: - ANSWER Case-
Control Study
The provider is concerned about what appears to be an increase in the mortality rate
for their community. Mortality is an example of which of the following: - ANSWER
Vital statistic
An example of a tertiary prevention measure for chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease is: - ANSWER Pulmonary Rehabilitation
Which of the following statements best describe efficacy? - ANSWER It is an
estimate of the benefit of treatment under ideal conditions
It is an estimate of the reduction of disease in treated groups
A study is conducted for a pharmaceutical agent that has shown promise for
reducing heart disease among women. In order to more fully test the agent, an
additional study is done restricting the participants to be randomized to those who
have a history of hypertension. Which of the following advantages cannot be claimed
by the researchers? - ANSWER The generalizability of the study is increased
What is the main advantage of the randomization of the 168 study participants to one
of the two drug treatment groups? - ANSWER Reduces selection bias
After entry into the study, patients were first classified into three groups, those who
had a previous AMI, those with a first AMI who were at high risk for other
, cardiovascular diseases such as congestive heart failure, and those with a first AMI
who were at low risk for other cardiovascular diseases. Which term best describes
the study design? - ANSWER Randomized clinical trial with stratified randomization
After assignment to treatment group, 77% of those in the placebo group were men,
while 80% of those in the drug X group were men. Which statement is most likely to
be true? - ANSWER Randomization was successful since the investigators did not
alter the selection of participants in either group in order to ensure equal
percentages of men
A preliminary analysis was conducted after 6 months and found that 87% of
participants in the placebo group and 85% of those in the drug X group had taken
more than 90% of their prescribed dosages. Which statement best describes this
finding? - ANSWER The characteristics of patients who failed to comply with the
treatment dosages should be assessed as they may differ from those who complied
Which of the following statements best describes the reason for conducting the study
as a double-blind trial? - ANSWER Double blinding ensures that potential biases
regarding selection, follow-up, and analysis can be reduced
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers
who want to quit were randomized to one of four groups: control ..... brochures and a
monthly phone call from a counselor. Participants received mailed surveys at 8, 16,
and 24 months after randomization. The results after 2 years are in the table below.
Which group had the least success in terms of quitting smoking? - ANSWER Group
QS
The following data come from a study of approaches to smoking cessation. Smokers
who want to quit were randomized to one of four groups: control group C who
received no intervention assistance, quitting guide group Q who received brochures
about how to quit smoking, quitting guide and support group QS who received
quitting brochures as well as social support brochures listing benefits of smoking
cessation, and telephone support group T who received the brochures and a monthly
phone call from a counselor. Participants received mailed surveys at 8, 16, and 24
months after randomization. The results after 2 years are in the table below. What is
the main purpose of randomization in this study? - ANSWER To avoid assigning
more persons who have tried and failed to quit in the past to the control group
Test A has a sensitivity of 95% and a specificity of 90%. Test B has a sensitivity of
80% and a specificity of 98%. In a community of 10,000 people with 5% prevalence
of the disease, Test A has always been given before Test B. What is the best reason
for changing the order of the tests? - ANSWER The total number of false positives
found by both tests is decreased if Test B is given first
This table represents the results of coronary magnetic resonance (CMR)
angiography compared to x-ray angiography (the gold standard in diagnosis of
coronary artery disease) in a high-risk population of patients scheduled to undergo x-
ray angiography for suspected coronary artery disease.After reviewing the results of
the test comparison, an epidemiologist decides that the specificity of the test is too
low. Using the same CMR images, he raises the cutoff value for a positive test to
