COP 3014 Exam 1
CPU - correct answer ✔Central Processing Unit: The "brain" of the computer
(ISA - Instruction Set Architecture: the specific set of low-level instructions
available to a CPU)
RAM - correct answer ✔Random Access Memory
-main memory
-storage close to CPU
-faster to access than hard disk
-stores executing programs and data being currently worked on
disk storage - correct answer ✔hard disk, floppy disk, CD, DVD
input devices - correct answer ✔mouse, keyboard, scanner, network card
output devices - correct answer ✔screen/console, printer, network card
bit - correct answer ✔a binary digit
-stores the value 0 or 1
-smallest unit of storage in a computer
byte - correct answer ✔8 bits
-smallest addressable unit of storage in a computer
-storage units (variables) in a program are 1 or more bytes
,-each byte in memory has an address (a number that identifies the location)
Machine Language - correct answer ✔-based on machine's core instruction
set
-needed by computer, hard for humans to read (1's and 0's)
-[ex: 1110110101011]
Assembly Language - correct answer ✔-translation of machine instructions
to symbols
-slightly easier for humans to read
-[ex: ADD $R1, $R2, $R3]
High-level procedural languages - correct answer ✔-abstraction of concepts
into more human-readable terms
-closer to "natural language"
-easy to write and design, but must be translated for computer
-[ex: C, Pascal, Fortran]
Object-oriented languages - correct answer ✔-abstraction taken farther than
procedural languages
-objects model real-world objects, not only storing data (attributes), but having
internet behaviors (operations, functions)
-easier to design and write good, portable, maintainable code
[ex: Smalltalk, C++, Java]
interpreted languages - correct answer ✔source code is directly run on an
interpreter, a program that runs code statements
, compiled languages - correct answer ✔-a compiler program translates
source code (what the programmer writes) to machine language (object code)
-a linker program puts various object code files together into an executable
program (or other target type, like a DLL)
-[ex: C and C++]
software development - correct answer ✔involves
-analysis and problem definition
-design: includes design of program or system structure, algorithms, user-
interfaces, and more
-implementation (coding)
-testing: can be done during design, during implementation, and after
implementation
-maintenance: usually the major cost of a software system. Not part of
"development", but definitely part of the software life cycle
creation & execution of a C++ program - correct answer ✔1. create a source
code, a plain text file, usually given a filename extension to identify the
programming language, with a text editor, to store disk [.c for C & .cpp for C+
+]
2. preprocessor: part of compiler process, performs any pre-processing tasks
on source code
3. compilation: syntax checking, creation of object code, the machine code
translation of the source code
4. linking: final stage of the creation of an executable program. Linking of
object code files together with any necessary libraries (also already compiled)
5. execution of program
-program loaded into memory, usually RAM
-CPU executes code instructions
CPU - correct answer ✔Central Processing Unit: The "brain" of the computer
(ISA - Instruction Set Architecture: the specific set of low-level instructions
available to a CPU)
RAM - correct answer ✔Random Access Memory
-main memory
-storage close to CPU
-faster to access than hard disk
-stores executing programs and data being currently worked on
disk storage - correct answer ✔hard disk, floppy disk, CD, DVD
input devices - correct answer ✔mouse, keyboard, scanner, network card
output devices - correct answer ✔screen/console, printer, network card
bit - correct answer ✔a binary digit
-stores the value 0 or 1
-smallest unit of storage in a computer
byte - correct answer ✔8 bits
-smallest addressable unit of storage in a computer
-storage units (variables) in a program are 1 or more bytes
,-each byte in memory has an address (a number that identifies the location)
Machine Language - correct answer ✔-based on machine's core instruction
set
-needed by computer, hard for humans to read (1's and 0's)
-[ex: 1110110101011]
Assembly Language - correct answer ✔-translation of machine instructions
to symbols
-slightly easier for humans to read
-[ex: ADD $R1, $R2, $R3]
High-level procedural languages - correct answer ✔-abstraction of concepts
into more human-readable terms
-closer to "natural language"
-easy to write and design, but must be translated for computer
-[ex: C, Pascal, Fortran]
Object-oriented languages - correct answer ✔-abstraction taken farther than
procedural languages
-objects model real-world objects, not only storing data (attributes), but having
internet behaviors (operations, functions)
-easier to design and write good, portable, maintainable code
[ex: Smalltalk, C++, Java]
interpreted languages - correct answer ✔source code is directly run on an
interpreter, a program that runs code statements
, compiled languages - correct answer ✔-a compiler program translates
source code (what the programmer writes) to machine language (object code)
-a linker program puts various object code files together into an executable
program (or other target type, like a DLL)
-[ex: C and C++]
software development - correct answer ✔involves
-analysis and problem definition
-design: includes design of program or system structure, algorithms, user-
interfaces, and more
-implementation (coding)
-testing: can be done during design, during implementation, and after
implementation
-maintenance: usually the major cost of a software system. Not part of
"development", but definitely part of the software life cycle
creation & execution of a C++ program - correct answer ✔1. create a source
code, a plain text file, usually given a filename extension to identify the
programming language, with a text editor, to store disk [.c for C & .cpp for C+
+]
2. preprocessor: part of compiler process, performs any pre-processing tasks
on source code
3. compilation: syntax checking, creation of object code, the machine code
translation of the source code
4. linking: final stage of the creation of an executable program. Linking of
object code files together with any necessary libraries (also already compiled)
5. execution of program
-program loaded into memory, usually RAM
-CPU executes code instructions
