©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
UGA History Exemption Exam: Post 1877
Exam Questions With Revised Answers
Robert Smalls - answer✔✔Enslaved African American who, during and after the American Civil
War, became a ship's pilot, sea captain, and politician; freed himself, his crew and their families
from slavery on May 13, 1862, by commandeering a Confederate transport ship, the CSS Planter,
in Charleston harbor, and sailing it to freedom beyond the blockade
Helped convince Lincoln to accept African-American soldiers into the Union Army
Ten Percent Plan - answer✔✔Lincoln's plan that allowed a Southern state to form its own
government after ten percent of its voters swore an oath of loyalty to the United States
Meant to shorten the war
Hoped to weaken the southern cause by making it easy for disillusioned or lukewarm
confederates to switch sides
Hoped to further his emancipation proclamation by insisting that the new governments abolish
slavery
Radical Republicans - answer✔✔After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be
harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South
Favored protection for black rights (especially black, male suffrage)
Wade-Davis Bill - answer✔✔Legislation requiring 50% of the voters to take an oath of future
loyalty before the restoration process could begin
, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
Once they took the oath, those who could wear they had never willingly supported the
confederacy could vote in an election for delegates to a constitutional convention
Passed after congress refused to recognize Lincoln's 10 percent governments
Railroads were the first - answer✔✔Modern corporation
Cornelius Vanderbilt - answer✔✔A railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and
New York
He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more
economical.
John D. Rockefeller - answer✔✔Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and
meanest monopoly known in history
J.P. Morgan - answer✔✔Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel
Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back
Was one of the "Robber barons"
Haymarket Riot (1886) - answer✔✔The riot took place in Chicago between rioters and the
police
It ended when someone threw a bomb that killed dozens
The riot was suppressed, and in addition with the damaged reputation of unions, it also killed the
Knights of Labor, who were seen as anarchists.
American Federation of Labor - answer✔✔1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better
wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of
Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.
Vertical Integration - answer✔✔Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a
product, from the raw materials to distribution
, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
Example: Phillip Armour's meat company
Horizontal Integration - answer✔✔Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the
same level of production and sharing resources at that level
Example: Rockefeller
Dawes Act of 1887 - answer✔✔Tried to civilize Indians and make them more little settlers by
giving them land to farm, instead it harmed their native culture
General Philip Sheridan - answer✔✔ordered by Grant to wage total war in Shenandoah Valley in
Virginia.
He burned and destroyed all farmland, animals and food
The Ghost Dance Movement - answer✔✔The last effort of Native Americans to resist US
domination and drive whites from their ancestral lands, came through as a religious movement.
Little Big Horn - answer✔✔General Custer and his men were wiped out by a coalition of Sioux
and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
Geronimo - answer✔✔Apache chieftain who raided the white settlers in the Southwest as
resistance to being confined to a reservation (1829-1909)
Bureau of Indian Affairs - answer✔✔A government agency created in the 1800s to oversee
federal policy toward Native Americans
"kill the Indian, save the man"
New Immigration (1880-1920) - answer✔✔By the 1890s, over half of the 3.5 million
immigrants who came to our shores came from southern and eastern Europe, in particular Italy
and the Russian and Austro Hungarian empires
More likely than previous immigrants to be Jewish or catholic
While almost all of them were looking for work, many were also escaping political or religious
persecution
, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
Immigration Restriction League - answer✔✔Founded in 1894 in Boston and lobbied for national
legislation that would limit the numbers of immigrants
Chinese Exclusion Act - answer✔✔(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the
country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate
Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) - answer✔✔Supreme Court decision in 1886 overturning San
Francisco law that, as enforced, discriminated against Chinese-owned laundries; established
principle that equal protection of the law embodied in Fourteenth Amendment applied to all
Americans, not just former slaves
At its peak between 1901 and the outbreak of WWI in 1914, ___________________ immigrants
came to the United States - answer✔✔13 Million
Urban Political Machines - answer✔✔Urban political machines sought to control political power
in major cities
They were often effective in providing their constituents with certain needs, but they were very
corrupt.
Grange Movement and Farmers Alliance - answer✔✔Grassroots movements that attempted to
address the plight of farmers in the late 1800s; attempted to regulate railroads and enlarge
opportunity for credit; evolved into Populist movement.
The People's Party (Populists) - answer✔✔In 1892 held a convention in Omaha and put forth a
remarkably reform minded plan
The sub-treasury plan
Government ownership of railroads
Graduated income tax
Government control of the currency
Recognition of the rights of laborers to form unions
Free coinage of silver
Tom Watson - answer✔✔Georgia's Best-Known Populist
He was the first native southern politician concerned about African American Farmers
UGA History Exemption Exam: Post 1877
Exam Questions With Revised Answers
Robert Smalls - answer✔✔Enslaved African American who, during and after the American Civil
War, became a ship's pilot, sea captain, and politician; freed himself, his crew and their families
from slavery on May 13, 1862, by commandeering a Confederate transport ship, the CSS Planter,
in Charleston harbor, and sailing it to freedom beyond the blockade
Helped convince Lincoln to accept African-American soldiers into the Union Army
Ten Percent Plan - answer✔✔Lincoln's plan that allowed a Southern state to form its own
government after ten percent of its voters swore an oath of loyalty to the United States
Meant to shorten the war
Hoped to weaken the southern cause by making it easy for disillusioned or lukewarm
confederates to switch sides
Hoped to further his emancipation proclamation by insisting that the new governments abolish
slavery
Radical Republicans - answer✔✔After the Civil War, a group that believed the South should be
harshly punished and thought that Lincoln was sometimes too compassionate towards the South
Favored protection for black rights (especially black, male suffrage)
Wade-Davis Bill - answer✔✔Legislation requiring 50% of the voters to take an oath of future
loyalty before the restoration process could begin
, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
Once they took the oath, those who could wear they had never willingly supported the
confederacy could vote in an election for delegates to a constitutional convention
Passed after congress refused to recognize Lincoln's 10 percent governments
Railroads were the first - answer✔✔Modern corporation
Cornelius Vanderbilt - answer✔✔A railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and
New York
He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more
economical.
John D. Rockefeller - answer✔✔Established the Standard Oil Company, the greatest, wisest, and
meanest monopoly known in history
J.P. Morgan - answer✔✔Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel
Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back
Was one of the "Robber barons"
Haymarket Riot (1886) - answer✔✔The riot took place in Chicago between rioters and the
police
It ended when someone threw a bomb that killed dozens
The riot was suppressed, and in addition with the damaged reputation of unions, it also killed the
Knights of Labor, who were seen as anarchists.
American Federation of Labor - answer✔✔1886; founded by Samuel Gompers; sought better
wages, hrs, working conditions; skilled laborers, arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of
Labor, rejected socialist and communist ideas, non-violent.
Vertical Integration - answer✔✔Practice where a single entity controls the entire process of a
product, from the raw materials to distribution
, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
Example: Phillip Armour's meat company
Horizontal Integration - answer✔✔Absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the
same level of production and sharing resources at that level
Example: Rockefeller
Dawes Act of 1887 - answer✔✔Tried to civilize Indians and make them more little settlers by
giving them land to farm, instead it harmed their native culture
General Philip Sheridan - answer✔✔ordered by Grant to wage total war in Shenandoah Valley in
Virginia.
He burned and destroyed all farmland, animals and food
The Ghost Dance Movement - answer✔✔The last effort of Native Americans to resist US
domination and drive whites from their ancestral lands, came through as a religious movement.
Little Big Horn - answer✔✔General Custer and his men were wiped out by a coalition of Sioux
and Cheyenne Indians led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse
Geronimo - answer✔✔Apache chieftain who raided the white settlers in the Southwest as
resistance to being confined to a reservation (1829-1909)
Bureau of Indian Affairs - answer✔✔A government agency created in the 1800s to oversee
federal policy toward Native Americans
"kill the Indian, save the man"
New Immigration (1880-1920) - answer✔✔By the 1890s, over half of the 3.5 million
immigrants who came to our shores came from southern and eastern Europe, in particular Italy
and the Russian and Austro Hungarian empires
More likely than previous immigrants to be Jewish or catholic
While almost all of them were looking for work, many were also escaping political or religious
persecution
, ©THEBRIGHTSTARS 2024
Immigration Restriction League - answer✔✔Founded in 1894 in Boston and lobbied for national
legislation that would limit the numbers of immigrants
Chinese Exclusion Act - answer✔✔(1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the
country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate
Yick Wo v. Hopkins (1886) - answer✔✔Supreme Court decision in 1886 overturning San
Francisco law that, as enforced, discriminated against Chinese-owned laundries; established
principle that equal protection of the law embodied in Fourteenth Amendment applied to all
Americans, not just former slaves
At its peak between 1901 and the outbreak of WWI in 1914, ___________________ immigrants
came to the United States - answer✔✔13 Million
Urban Political Machines - answer✔✔Urban political machines sought to control political power
in major cities
They were often effective in providing their constituents with certain needs, but they were very
corrupt.
Grange Movement and Farmers Alliance - answer✔✔Grassroots movements that attempted to
address the plight of farmers in the late 1800s; attempted to regulate railroads and enlarge
opportunity for credit; evolved into Populist movement.
The People's Party (Populists) - answer✔✔In 1892 held a convention in Omaha and put forth a
remarkably reform minded plan
The sub-treasury plan
Government ownership of railroads
Graduated income tax
Government control of the currency
Recognition of the rights of laborers to form unions
Free coinage of silver
Tom Watson - answer✔✔Georgia's Best-Known Populist
He was the first native southern politician concerned about African American Farmers
