Patho MN 551 Unit 5 Exam Questions And Answers @ 2024
A 34-year-old male patient has diagnoses of liver failure, ascites, and hepatic
encephalopathy secondary to alcohol abuse. The patient's family is questioning the care
team about why his abdomen is so large even though he is undernourished and
emaciated. Which of the following statements most accurately underlies the explanation
that a member of the care team would provide to the family? - Answer An inordinate
amount of interstitial fluid is accumulating in the patient's abdomen.
The transcellular portion of the intracellular fluid compartment contains a great deal more
than the normal amount of fluid.
*********** The normally small transcellular fluid compartment-or third space-is becoming
enlarged.
Plasma that is dependent upon gravity is accumulating in this patient's peritoneal cavity.
A 31-year-old male patient is admitted to the intensive care unit of a hospital and is
diagnosed with end-stage liver failure. Arterial blood gas sampling shows that the pH of
this man's acid-base balance is inappropriate. Which of the following is most likely to
present an inappropriate pH? - Answer Renal excretion of HCO3- in the presence of
excess base
Transcompartmental exchange of H+ and potassium ions
Low level of albumin and plasma globulin
Retention or generation of new HCO3- by kidneys
A 4-year-old boy who is deaf and has bilateral cataracts is brought into the ED by his
mother, who states that she noticed blood in the toilet after he last voided. Urinalysis
confirms heavy microscopic hematuria as well as proteinuria. What will the care team's
initial differential diagnosis most likely be? - Answer Immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus glomerulonephritis
Alport syndrome
, An 87-year-old man has been continent of urine until the last several weeks as a resident
in an assisted living facility. Which of the following is the most likely priority by the care
providers at the facility for this resident? Answer Showing the resident the proper
technique for exercises to improve the tone of the bladder, sphincter, and pelvic floor
Teaching the resident about protective pads, collection devices, and medications that
may be helpful
Providing patient education about the fact that occasional incontinence is a normal,
age-related change
****8Conducting a physical examination and history to elucidate the exact cause and
character of the incontinence
An 82-year-old male lives in a long-term care facility and recently developed recurring
UTIs and irritability; he is suspected of suffering from urinary retention. Which of the
following interventions by the care team is most appropriate? - Answer Urinalysis
concentration on the absence or presence of microorganisms, blood, or white cells in the
man's urine
Renal ultrasound intended to Rule out acute or chronic kidney disease
Ultrasound bladder scanning to determine residual volume of urine after voiding
Uroflowmetry to determine rate of the patient's urine flow
Which of the following patients would be considered to have a significant risk of
developing the prerenal form of acute renal failure? - Answer An 80-year-old female who
has been admitted for treatment of dehydration, hyponatremia, and malnutrition
A 68-year-old male who has been diagnosed with BPH
A 20-year-old male is admitted for treatment of an overdose of a nephrotoxic drug
A 79-year-old male with diagnoses of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and congestive
heart failure
A 41-year-old female is admitted for intravenous antibiotic treatment of pyelonephritis
A 34-year-old male patient has diagnoses of liver failure, ascites, and hepatic
encephalopathy secondary to alcohol abuse. The patient's family is questioning the care
team about why his abdomen is so large even though he is undernourished and
emaciated. Which of the following statements most accurately underlies the explanation
that a member of the care team would provide to the family? - Answer An inordinate
amount of interstitial fluid is accumulating in the patient's abdomen.
The transcellular portion of the intracellular fluid compartment contains a great deal more
than the normal amount of fluid.
*********** The normally small transcellular fluid compartment-or third space-is becoming
enlarged.
Plasma that is dependent upon gravity is accumulating in this patient's peritoneal cavity.
A 31-year-old male patient is admitted to the intensive care unit of a hospital and is
diagnosed with end-stage liver failure. Arterial blood gas sampling shows that the pH of
this man's acid-base balance is inappropriate. Which of the following is most likely to
present an inappropriate pH? - Answer Renal excretion of HCO3- in the presence of
excess base
Transcompartmental exchange of H+ and potassium ions
Low level of albumin and plasma globulin
Retention or generation of new HCO3- by kidneys
A 4-year-old boy who is deaf and has bilateral cataracts is brought into the ED by his
mother, who states that she noticed blood in the toilet after he last voided. Urinalysis
confirms heavy microscopic hematuria as well as proteinuria. What will the care team's
initial differential diagnosis most likely be? - Answer Immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus glomerulonephritis
Alport syndrome
, An 87-year-old man has been continent of urine until the last several weeks as a resident
in an assisted living facility. Which of the following is the most likely priority by the care
providers at the facility for this resident? Answer Showing the resident the proper
technique for exercises to improve the tone of the bladder, sphincter, and pelvic floor
Teaching the resident about protective pads, collection devices, and medications that
may be helpful
Providing patient education about the fact that occasional incontinence is a normal,
age-related change
****8Conducting a physical examination and history to elucidate the exact cause and
character of the incontinence
An 82-year-old male lives in a long-term care facility and recently developed recurring
UTIs and irritability; he is suspected of suffering from urinary retention. Which of the
following interventions by the care team is most appropriate? - Answer Urinalysis
concentration on the absence or presence of microorganisms, blood, or white cells in the
man's urine
Renal ultrasound intended to Rule out acute or chronic kidney disease
Ultrasound bladder scanning to determine residual volume of urine after voiding
Uroflowmetry to determine rate of the patient's urine flow
Which of the following patients would be considered to have a significant risk of
developing the prerenal form of acute renal failure? - Answer An 80-year-old female who
has been admitted for treatment of dehydration, hyponatremia, and malnutrition
A 68-year-old male who has been diagnosed with BPH
A 20-year-old male is admitted for treatment of an overdose of a nephrotoxic drug
A 79-year-old male with diagnoses of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and congestive
heart failure
A 41-year-old female is admitted for intravenous antibiotic treatment of pyelonephritis
