Nur611 Exam 2 With 64 Questions And Proper
Answers 2024/2025
1. diabetes insipidus: due to deficient response by the renal tubules to
ADH insufficiency of ADH
2. causes of diabetes insipidus: TBI, pregnancy, drugs types:
1. central: pituitary of hypothalamus is damaged
2. nephrogenic: kidneys not responding appropriately
3. neurogenic: due to TBI
3. diabetes insipidus signs and symptoms:
polyuria polydipsia hypernatremia high serum
osmolality diluted urine
4. Addison's disease: primary adrenal
insufficiency decreased cortisol, aldosterone,
androgen adrenal fatigue
5. how does addison's disease present?:
weakness and fatigue anorexia, n/v/d, abdominal pain,
weight loss, decreased appetite low BP, muscle/joint
pain
hypoglycemia (fatigue, mental confusion, apathy, psychosis) hyperpigmentation
vitiligo
in men, hypogonadism
in women, loss of pubic/axillary hair, sexual dysfunction
6. causes of cardiac tamponade: fluid around the heart
7. what type of anemia is associated with cancers and infections?: anemia of
chronic disease/inflammation
8. G6PD: inherited condition causing RBCs to break down in response to certain
medications, infections, or stressors due to the lack of protective enzyme most
commonly in males and african americans
9. how does G6PD present in kids?: icterus neonatorum, pale, tired, dark urine,
jaundice
most commonly presents as acute hemolytic anemia
10. what is involved in acute lymphoblastic leukemia--what type of cells?: can-
cer of blood cells: excess lymphoblasts in the blood and bone marrow
B-cells are adversely affected and do not go on to mature normally
11. what cardiac defect in kids increases pulmonary blood flow?: PDA
ASD
1/6
, VSD
12 mitral valve prolapse: improper closure of the mitral valve
valve leaflets billow back into the atrium during systole
seen mostly in young women
associated with connective tissue disorders
13. symptoms of mitral valve prolapse: Usually asymptomatic symptoms: murmur
palpations, tachycardia, fatigue, chest tightness, dyspnea, anxiety, depression, vague
symptoms.
14. Hypoparathyroidism: PTH low
Ca low
Phos high
Mag normal
15. symptoms of hypoparathyroidism: Muscle irritability (Trousseau's & Chvostek's
sign +)
Numbness, tingling of extremities paresthesias
GI & muscle Cramps
Hyperactive DTR. tetany, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy laryngospasms
dry skin, hair loss, deficit in tooth development, horizontal ridge on nails, cataracts, basal
ganglia, calcifications, bone deformities
16. modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease: Cholesterol obesity (weight
and diet) tobacco
17. why is angiotensin II dangerous after an MI?: can cause vasospasms
18. which lipids are good and which are bad?: want low: LDL and triglycerides want
high: HDL
19. characteristics of graves disease: low TSH
-results in hyperplasia of the gland --> increased synthesis of thyroid hormone
-stimulation of thyroid by autoantibodies
high T3
and T4
+TSI
20. symptoms of graves disease: sweating, HA, weight loss, nervousness, emotional
instability, tremor, goiter, tachycardia, n/d, oligomenorrhea, muscle weakness,
exophthalmos
21. troponin: biomarker released by myocardial cells indicates MI
22. tissue damage in STEMI vs NSTEMI: STEMI: all the way through the
myocardium from the endocardium to the epicardium
NSTEMI: involves only the myocardium directly beneath the endocardium
2/6
Answers 2024/2025
1. diabetes insipidus: due to deficient response by the renal tubules to
ADH insufficiency of ADH
2. causes of diabetes insipidus: TBI, pregnancy, drugs types:
1. central: pituitary of hypothalamus is damaged
2. nephrogenic: kidneys not responding appropriately
3. neurogenic: due to TBI
3. diabetes insipidus signs and symptoms:
polyuria polydipsia hypernatremia high serum
osmolality diluted urine
4. Addison's disease: primary adrenal
insufficiency decreased cortisol, aldosterone,
androgen adrenal fatigue
5. how does addison's disease present?:
weakness and fatigue anorexia, n/v/d, abdominal pain,
weight loss, decreased appetite low BP, muscle/joint
pain
hypoglycemia (fatigue, mental confusion, apathy, psychosis) hyperpigmentation
vitiligo
in men, hypogonadism
in women, loss of pubic/axillary hair, sexual dysfunction
6. causes of cardiac tamponade: fluid around the heart
7. what type of anemia is associated with cancers and infections?: anemia of
chronic disease/inflammation
8. G6PD: inherited condition causing RBCs to break down in response to certain
medications, infections, or stressors due to the lack of protective enzyme most
commonly in males and african americans
9. how does G6PD present in kids?: icterus neonatorum, pale, tired, dark urine,
jaundice
most commonly presents as acute hemolytic anemia
10. what is involved in acute lymphoblastic leukemia--what type of cells?: can-
cer of blood cells: excess lymphoblasts in the blood and bone marrow
B-cells are adversely affected and do not go on to mature normally
11. what cardiac defect in kids increases pulmonary blood flow?: PDA
ASD
1/6
, VSD
12 mitral valve prolapse: improper closure of the mitral valve
valve leaflets billow back into the atrium during systole
seen mostly in young women
associated with connective tissue disorders
13. symptoms of mitral valve prolapse: Usually asymptomatic symptoms: murmur
palpations, tachycardia, fatigue, chest tightness, dyspnea, anxiety, depression, vague
symptoms.
14. Hypoparathyroidism: PTH low
Ca low
Phos high
Mag normal
15. symptoms of hypoparathyroidism: Muscle irritability (Trousseau's & Chvostek's
sign +)
Numbness, tingling of extremities paresthesias
GI & muscle Cramps
Hyperactive DTR. tetany, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy laryngospasms
dry skin, hair loss, deficit in tooth development, horizontal ridge on nails, cataracts, basal
ganglia, calcifications, bone deformities
16. modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease: Cholesterol obesity (weight
and diet) tobacco
17. why is angiotensin II dangerous after an MI?: can cause vasospasms
18. which lipids are good and which are bad?: want low: LDL and triglycerides want
high: HDL
19. characteristics of graves disease: low TSH
-results in hyperplasia of the gland --> increased synthesis of thyroid hormone
-stimulation of thyroid by autoantibodies
high T3
and T4
+TSI
20. symptoms of graves disease: sweating, HA, weight loss, nervousness, emotional
instability, tremor, goiter, tachycardia, n/d, oligomenorrhea, muscle weakness,
exophthalmos
21. troponin: biomarker released by myocardial cells indicates MI
22. tissue damage in STEMI vs NSTEMI: STEMI: all the way through the
myocardium from the endocardium to the epicardium
NSTEMI: involves only the myocardium directly beneath the endocardium
2/6
