NR565- Pharmacology
Absorption - ANSWER✅✅✅The process whereby a substance entering the body is
assimilated by it. Acetaminophen - ANSWER✅✅✅Adverse reactions are few however
those that do exist are significant. Acute Poisoning manifested by nausea, vomiting,
drowsiness, confusion, liver tenderness and renal failure which occur within first 24 hours
and may persist for more than 1 week Acetaminophen - ANSWER✅✅✅Interacts with
Alcohol, Anticholinergics, Beta-andrenergic blockers, contraceptives, probenecid, loop
diuretics, zidovudine Acetaminophen - ANSWER✅✅✅Is an analgesic that reduces pain
and fever, but does not relieve inflammation; however, it does not have the negative side
effects of NSAIDS. It is thought to act by inhibiting central and peripheral prostaglandin
synthesis. Avoid with individuals who have chronic alcoholism. Safe for infants and
children. Acetaminophen, Naproxen, Oxycodone and Topical Aesthetics -
ANSWER✅✅✅Medication choice for pregnant women Adrenergic Agonists -
ANSWER✅✅✅Drugs that stimulate and mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous
system. Also called sympathomimetics. Adrenergic Antagonists - ANSWER✅✅✅act by
directly blocking adrenergic receptors, specific to either alpha or beta-blockade Affinity -
ANSWER✅✅✅an attraction to African Americans - ANSWER✅✅✅Which ethical
group has a higher prevalence of CAD, HTN, Stroke, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, HIV, and
Schizophrenic? Agonist - ANSWER✅✅✅A drug that binds to and activates a receptor.
Can be full, partial or inverse. A full agonist has high efficacy, producing a full response,
while occupying a relatively low proportion of receptors. A partial agonist has lower
efficacy than a full agonist. It produces sub-maximal activation even when occupying the
total receptor population, therefore cannot produce the maximal response, irrespective of
the concentration applied. An Inverse agonist produces an effect opposite to that of an
agonist, yet it binds to the same receptor binding-site as an agonist. Alfuzosin -
ANSWER✅✅✅Should not be given to patients with mild to moderate hepatic
impairment. Alpha1 Antagonists - ANSWER✅✅✅Block postsynaptic alpha1 receptors
in the vasculature, resulting in decrease in both arterial and venous vasoconstriction.
These drugs are useful in lowering blood pressure as well as relieving outflow obstruction
secondary to BPH. First dose should be given at clinic or at bedtime. Pts should weigh daily
SE: Orthostatic Hypotension, Syncope, nasal congestion, blurred vision, dry mouth,
constipation, impotence, and urinary frequency Doxazosin(Cardura), Prazosin(Minipress),
terazosin(Hytrin), tamsulosin(Flomax), alfuzosin(Uroxatral), and silodosin(Rapaflo) alpha1
, receptors - ANSWER✅✅✅produce vasoconstriction effect Alpha2-Adrenergic Agonists
- ANSWER✅✅✅Decrease sympathetic impulses from the CNS to the heart and
arterioles, causing vasodilation Lowers blood pressure(Mild to Moderate), a diuretic may
be needed Should not be stopped abruptly. Cautiously used in presence of severe
coronary insufficiency, recent MI, and renal function impairment. Extreme caution in older
adults. Clonodine, Methyldopa, Guanabenz, Guanfacine SE: dry mouth , urinary retention,
weight gain, Drowsiness, constipation, impotence, Rash Anorexiants -
ANSWER✅✅✅Contraindicated in patients who abuse substances such as cocaine,
phencyclidine, and mathamphetamines because of the potential for excessive adregergic
stimulation. Used for extreme obesity and should not be used longer than 6 months.
Adverse reactions: CNS overstimualtion, agitation, confusion, insomnia, dizziness, htn,
h/a, palpitations, arrhythmias, dry mouth, mydriasis(big pupils), dysuria, constipation,
vomiting, diarrhea and impotence. phentermine(Adipex), benzphetaObenix(Didrex),
diethylpropion HCL(Tenuate), phendimetrazine tartrate, lorcaserin(Belviq) Antagonist -
ANSWER✅✅✅Are drugs that occupy receptors without stimulating them. Occupy a
receptor site and prevent other molecules, such as agonists, from occupying the same site
and producing a response. Antidepressants - ANSWER✅✅✅TCA's, SSRI's, MAOIs,
SNRI's, Misc. antipsychotic drugs - ANSWER✅✅✅medications that are used to treat
schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders Should routinely assess with Abnormal
Involuntary Movement Scale Aspirin - ANSWER✅✅✅Lower body temperature through
their effect on the hypothalamic thermostat and vasodilation of peripheral vessels.
Children should not take with chicken pox or influenza. Adverse reactions include GI
irriatiation and bleeding. Drug interaction include anticoagulants. Atenolol, Metoprolol,
nadolol, and propranolol - ANSWER✅✅✅Indicated for long-term management of
angina. Drugs most commonly used for hypertension. Atenolol(best), acebutolol, and
metoprolol - ANSWER✅✅✅Beta1 selective drugs. More appropriate for patients with
COPD, asthma, PVD, diabetes atypical antipsychotics - ANSWER✅✅✅Antipsychotics
that do not have significant side effects common to older antipsychotics. Beta Blocker -
ANSWER✅✅✅reduced contractility Beta Blockers - ANSWER✅✅✅Use of this
medication may mask signs of hypoglycemia Beta-Adrenergic Antagonist/Blockers -
ANSWER✅✅✅Used to treat cardiac disorders such as heart failure and asymptomatic
left ventricular dysfunction. Used to also treat essential tremors, migraine headache
prophylaxis, and hyperthyroidism. May cause increased BUN, K+, triglyceride, uric acid
levels, blood glucose. Abrupt withdrawal can result in sever angina, MI, ventricular
arrhythmias, and death. Taper over 4 days. Contraindicated for patients with respiratory
conditions such as bronchospastic component and AV block. Must be used with caution in
Absorption - ANSWER✅✅✅The process whereby a substance entering the body is
assimilated by it. Acetaminophen - ANSWER✅✅✅Adverse reactions are few however
those that do exist are significant. Acute Poisoning manifested by nausea, vomiting,
drowsiness, confusion, liver tenderness and renal failure which occur within first 24 hours
and may persist for more than 1 week Acetaminophen - ANSWER✅✅✅Interacts with
Alcohol, Anticholinergics, Beta-andrenergic blockers, contraceptives, probenecid, loop
diuretics, zidovudine Acetaminophen - ANSWER✅✅✅Is an analgesic that reduces pain
and fever, but does not relieve inflammation; however, it does not have the negative side
effects of NSAIDS. It is thought to act by inhibiting central and peripheral prostaglandin
synthesis. Avoid with individuals who have chronic alcoholism. Safe for infants and
children. Acetaminophen, Naproxen, Oxycodone and Topical Aesthetics -
ANSWER✅✅✅Medication choice for pregnant women Adrenergic Agonists -
ANSWER✅✅✅Drugs that stimulate and mimic the actions of the sympathetic nervous
system. Also called sympathomimetics. Adrenergic Antagonists - ANSWER✅✅✅act by
directly blocking adrenergic receptors, specific to either alpha or beta-blockade Affinity -
ANSWER✅✅✅an attraction to African Americans - ANSWER✅✅✅Which ethical
group has a higher prevalence of CAD, HTN, Stroke, Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, HIV, and
Schizophrenic? Agonist - ANSWER✅✅✅A drug that binds to and activates a receptor.
Can be full, partial or inverse. A full agonist has high efficacy, producing a full response,
while occupying a relatively low proportion of receptors. A partial agonist has lower
efficacy than a full agonist. It produces sub-maximal activation even when occupying the
total receptor population, therefore cannot produce the maximal response, irrespective of
the concentration applied. An Inverse agonist produces an effect opposite to that of an
agonist, yet it binds to the same receptor binding-site as an agonist. Alfuzosin -
ANSWER✅✅✅Should not be given to patients with mild to moderate hepatic
impairment. Alpha1 Antagonists - ANSWER✅✅✅Block postsynaptic alpha1 receptors
in the vasculature, resulting in decrease in both arterial and venous vasoconstriction.
These drugs are useful in lowering blood pressure as well as relieving outflow obstruction
secondary to BPH. First dose should be given at clinic or at bedtime. Pts should weigh daily
SE: Orthostatic Hypotension, Syncope, nasal congestion, blurred vision, dry mouth,
constipation, impotence, and urinary frequency Doxazosin(Cardura), Prazosin(Minipress),
terazosin(Hytrin), tamsulosin(Flomax), alfuzosin(Uroxatral), and silodosin(Rapaflo) alpha1
, receptors - ANSWER✅✅✅produce vasoconstriction effect Alpha2-Adrenergic Agonists
- ANSWER✅✅✅Decrease sympathetic impulses from the CNS to the heart and
arterioles, causing vasodilation Lowers blood pressure(Mild to Moderate), a diuretic may
be needed Should not be stopped abruptly. Cautiously used in presence of severe
coronary insufficiency, recent MI, and renal function impairment. Extreme caution in older
adults. Clonodine, Methyldopa, Guanabenz, Guanfacine SE: dry mouth , urinary retention,
weight gain, Drowsiness, constipation, impotence, Rash Anorexiants -
ANSWER✅✅✅Contraindicated in patients who abuse substances such as cocaine,
phencyclidine, and mathamphetamines because of the potential for excessive adregergic
stimulation. Used for extreme obesity and should not be used longer than 6 months.
Adverse reactions: CNS overstimualtion, agitation, confusion, insomnia, dizziness, htn,
h/a, palpitations, arrhythmias, dry mouth, mydriasis(big pupils), dysuria, constipation,
vomiting, diarrhea and impotence. phentermine(Adipex), benzphetaObenix(Didrex),
diethylpropion HCL(Tenuate), phendimetrazine tartrate, lorcaserin(Belviq) Antagonist -
ANSWER✅✅✅Are drugs that occupy receptors without stimulating them. Occupy a
receptor site and prevent other molecules, such as agonists, from occupying the same site
and producing a response. Antidepressants - ANSWER✅✅✅TCA's, SSRI's, MAOIs,
SNRI's, Misc. antipsychotic drugs - ANSWER✅✅✅medications that are used to treat
schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders Should routinely assess with Abnormal
Involuntary Movement Scale Aspirin - ANSWER✅✅✅Lower body temperature through
their effect on the hypothalamic thermostat and vasodilation of peripheral vessels.
Children should not take with chicken pox or influenza. Adverse reactions include GI
irriatiation and bleeding. Drug interaction include anticoagulants. Atenolol, Metoprolol,
nadolol, and propranolol - ANSWER✅✅✅Indicated for long-term management of
angina. Drugs most commonly used for hypertension. Atenolol(best), acebutolol, and
metoprolol - ANSWER✅✅✅Beta1 selective drugs. More appropriate for patients with
COPD, asthma, PVD, diabetes atypical antipsychotics - ANSWER✅✅✅Antipsychotics
that do not have significant side effects common to older antipsychotics. Beta Blocker -
ANSWER✅✅✅reduced contractility Beta Blockers - ANSWER✅✅✅Use of this
medication may mask signs of hypoglycemia Beta-Adrenergic Antagonist/Blockers -
ANSWER✅✅✅Used to treat cardiac disorders such as heart failure and asymptomatic
left ventricular dysfunction. Used to also treat essential tremors, migraine headache
prophylaxis, and hyperthyroidism. May cause increased BUN, K+, triglyceride, uric acid
levels, blood glucose. Abrupt withdrawal can result in sever angina, MI, ventricular
arrhythmias, and death. Taper over 4 days. Contraindicated for patients with respiratory
conditions such as bronchospastic component and AV block. Must be used with caution in
