ONCC PRACTICE TESTS 1 (OCN - ONCOLOGIC
EMERGENCIES) with verified solutions
Native Americans - ANSWER>>>Lowest ethnic group rate of cancer over all?
African Americans - ANSWER>>>Most affected ethnic group over all?
Caucasians - ANSWER>>>incidience of bladder cancer higher in which enthnic group?
Smoking - ANSWER>>>Major risk factor to cause bladder cancer?
Smoking, alcoholism, chewing tobacco - ANSWER>>>Risk factors for head/neck/mouth?
High fat low fiber - ANSWER>>>Diet that increases risk for colon cancer?
Mass Screening. (Ex. State mandated testing that is performed on newborns after delivery) -
ANSWER>>>Testing that is done to a large group of people?
Selective or prescriptive screening (ex. Genetic testing for the presence of a tumor marker when there is
family history of a genetic disease, cystic fibrosis) - ANSWER>>>Testing that is done for a specific disease
on patients who are at risk for developing that disease?
Single screening (ex. Hypercholesterolemia) - ANSWER>>>Testing to check for the presence of a specific
disease?
Multiple screening - ANSWER>>>Testing that is looking for at least two abnormalities at one time?
Multiphasic screening (ex. Child development at each well-child visit - ANSWER>>>Testing that is looking
at a person over a period of time for the development of any conditions?
Sensitivity (ex. An erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR is very sensitive to inflammation but does not
delineate exactly where the inflammation is occurring) - ANSWER>>>Cancer screening tests:
Refers to how sensitive a test is to the outcome for which it is testing?
Specificity (ex. An ESR is very specific for inflammation) - ANSWER>>>Cancer screening tests:
Refers to how accurate a test will be in testing for one particular item?
Predictive value - ANSWER>>>Cancer screening tests:
Refers to the chance a test will have a false reading?
40 - ANSWER>>>Annual mammography is recommended beginning at age?
Absolute Risk - ANSWER>>>Refers to the number of cancer diagnoses as far as incidence and cancer
death are concerned
, Relative Risk (ex. Relative risk of a person who smokes cigs developing lung cancer is much higher than
the relative risk of a person who doesn't smoke) - ANSWER>>>Refers to the chance of being diagnosed
with cancer because of certain risk factors that are specific to a certain cancer
Attributable Risk ( ex. The decrease in the incidence of lung cancer that would be the result of people no
longer smoked) - ANSWER>>>Refers to the number of cancer diagnoses that could be prevented if the
patient didn't have certain risk factors
Cumulative Risk - ANSWER>>>The chance of a person developing cancer throughout their lifetime
Cancer Incidence - ANSWER>>>The amount of new cases of cancer that are diagnosed each year
Cancer Prevalence - ANSWER>>>Refers to the total number of people who had a diagnosis in the past
(can include current pts, remission or cured)
Cancer Mortality - ANSWER>>>Refers to the number of people who have died from cancer
Case-fatality (tells how deadly a certain type of cancer may be) - ANSWER>>>Refers to the mortality
from a specific type of cancer, such a colon cancer
Cancer Survival - ANSWER>>>Refers to the number of patients who were diagnosed with cancer at least
5years previously (current, remission, cured)
Carcinogenesis - ANSWER>>>The process by which normal genes are damaged so that the cells lose
control mechanisms and thereby proliferate out of control
Familial Carinogenesis - ANSWER>>>Based on cancer suppressor genes that are present normally but
when changed cause cancer in their absence
Initiation - ANSWER>>>Stages of cancer development:
The action of a cancer-causing substance entering the body. Ex. Cigarette smoke, radiation exposure, etc.
This substance can alter the DNA within the body's cells. The body may respond and fix the damage and
halting the process of cancer forming; The body may not be able to repair the DNA damage, and DNA
can be changed and go without cancer cells being produced, or the DNA can go on to replicate cancer
cells
Promotion - ANSWER>>>Stages of cancer development:
The process in which the body is repeatedly exposed to the cancer-causing substance. This repeats the
initiation process and increases the liklihold of cancer cells Bening produced
Progression - ANSWER>>>Stages of cancer development:
Occurs when the malignant cancer cells begin to outnumber the normal, healthy cells because of
continued replication within the body. At this point the body is no longer able to attempt to repair the
EMERGENCIES) with verified solutions
Native Americans - ANSWER>>>Lowest ethnic group rate of cancer over all?
African Americans - ANSWER>>>Most affected ethnic group over all?
Caucasians - ANSWER>>>incidience of bladder cancer higher in which enthnic group?
Smoking - ANSWER>>>Major risk factor to cause bladder cancer?
Smoking, alcoholism, chewing tobacco - ANSWER>>>Risk factors for head/neck/mouth?
High fat low fiber - ANSWER>>>Diet that increases risk for colon cancer?
Mass Screening. (Ex. State mandated testing that is performed on newborns after delivery) -
ANSWER>>>Testing that is done to a large group of people?
Selective or prescriptive screening (ex. Genetic testing for the presence of a tumor marker when there is
family history of a genetic disease, cystic fibrosis) - ANSWER>>>Testing that is done for a specific disease
on patients who are at risk for developing that disease?
Single screening (ex. Hypercholesterolemia) - ANSWER>>>Testing to check for the presence of a specific
disease?
Multiple screening - ANSWER>>>Testing that is looking for at least two abnormalities at one time?
Multiphasic screening (ex. Child development at each well-child visit - ANSWER>>>Testing that is looking
at a person over a period of time for the development of any conditions?
Sensitivity (ex. An erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR is very sensitive to inflammation but does not
delineate exactly where the inflammation is occurring) - ANSWER>>>Cancer screening tests:
Refers to how sensitive a test is to the outcome for which it is testing?
Specificity (ex. An ESR is very specific for inflammation) - ANSWER>>>Cancer screening tests:
Refers to how accurate a test will be in testing for one particular item?
Predictive value - ANSWER>>>Cancer screening tests:
Refers to the chance a test will have a false reading?
40 - ANSWER>>>Annual mammography is recommended beginning at age?
Absolute Risk - ANSWER>>>Refers to the number of cancer diagnoses as far as incidence and cancer
death are concerned
, Relative Risk (ex. Relative risk of a person who smokes cigs developing lung cancer is much higher than
the relative risk of a person who doesn't smoke) - ANSWER>>>Refers to the chance of being diagnosed
with cancer because of certain risk factors that are specific to a certain cancer
Attributable Risk ( ex. The decrease in the incidence of lung cancer that would be the result of people no
longer smoked) - ANSWER>>>Refers to the number of cancer diagnoses that could be prevented if the
patient didn't have certain risk factors
Cumulative Risk - ANSWER>>>The chance of a person developing cancer throughout their lifetime
Cancer Incidence - ANSWER>>>The amount of new cases of cancer that are diagnosed each year
Cancer Prevalence - ANSWER>>>Refers to the total number of people who had a diagnosis in the past
(can include current pts, remission or cured)
Cancer Mortality - ANSWER>>>Refers to the number of people who have died from cancer
Case-fatality (tells how deadly a certain type of cancer may be) - ANSWER>>>Refers to the mortality
from a specific type of cancer, such a colon cancer
Cancer Survival - ANSWER>>>Refers to the number of patients who were diagnosed with cancer at least
5years previously (current, remission, cured)
Carcinogenesis - ANSWER>>>The process by which normal genes are damaged so that the cells lose
control mechanisms and thereby proliferate out of control
Familial Carinogenesis - ANSWER>>>Based on cancer suppressor genes that are present normally but
when changed cause cancer in their absence
Initiation - ANSWER>>>Stages of cancer development:
The action of a cancer-causing substance entering the body. Ex. Cigarette smoke, radiation exposure, etc.
This substance can alter the DNA within the body's cells. The body may respond and fix the damage and
halting the process of cancer forming; The body may not be able to repair the DNA damage, and DNA
can be changed and go without cancer cells being produced, or the DNA can go on to replicate cancer
cells
Promotion - ANSWER>>>Stages of cancer development:
The process in which the body is repeatedly exposed to the cancer-causing substance. This repeats the
initiation process and increases the liklihold of cancer cells Bening produced
Progression - ANSWER>>>Stages of cancer development:
Occurs when the malignant cancer cells begin to outnumber the normal, healthy cells because of
continued replication within the body. At this point the body is no longer able to attempt to repair the
