.
Why should we be wary of questions regarding children drinking too much milk i.e.
more than 3-4 cups of milk each day. - ANSWER Too much milk intake reduces
intake of other essential nutrients, especially iron. Watch for anemia with milk-
aholics.
What vitamin presence is required by the parathyroid gland, in order for it to
function? - ANSWER Vitamin D
What should be avoided if the patient is taking digoxin or K-supplements? -
ANSWER Salt substitutes because many are potassium based
Potassium Sources: - ANSWER bananas, potatoes, citrus fruits
What needs to be avoided on neutropenic precautions? - ANSWER Milk (as well as
fresh fruit or veggies)
Nondairy sources of calcium: - ANSWER RHUBARB, SARDINES, COLLARD
GREENS 24
How does nonfat milk reduce reflux? - ANSWER by increasing lower esophageal
sphincter pressure
Yogurt has live cultures, so what patients should you not give this to? - ANSWER
Immunosuppressed patients
What foods should not be given a kid positive for PKU (a rare, inherited disorder that
prevents the body from breaking down the amino acid phenylalanine)? - ANSWER
No phenylalanine (no meat, no dairy, no aspartame).
Acid Ash diet: - ANSWER cheese, corn, cranberries, plums, prunes, meat, poultry,
pastry, bread
Alk Ash diet: - ANSWER milk, veggies, rhubarb, salmon
Manifestations of Vitamin A Toxicity - ANSWER Can cause teratogenic effects on
fetuses
Blurred vision
Bone pain or swelling
Hypercalcemia
ICP
Liver damage
Skin peeling, itching
Nausea and vomiting
Abnormal softening of the skull bone (children) and bulging fontanels
Planning Care for a Client Who Follows Seventh-Day Adventist Dietary Laws -
ANSWER Vegetarianism --
Do not consume animal products of any type INCLUDING eggs and milk products.
Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D supplements may be needed with a pure vegan diet.
, .
Vegan diets are adequate in protein due to intake of nuts and legumes (dried peas
and cooked beans).
Initiating Continuous Enteral Feeding - ANSWER This is recommended for critically
ill patients because it is associated with small residual volumes, and a lower risk of
aspiration and diarrhea.
Residual volumes should be measures q4-6hrs.
Feeding tubes should be flushed with water q4hr to maintain patency and hydration.
If patient's gastric volume exceeds 500ml, the continuous feeding should be HELD
and tolerance reassessed.
In children, residual volumes should be measured and held if the amount is equal to
or greater than ¼ the prescribed feeding amount.
Residual should be returned and the amount rechecked in 30min to 1hr.
Recommendations for Nutritional Supplement - ANSWER Add skim milk to powder
milk (double strength milk)
Use whole milk instead of water recipes
Add cheese, peanut butter, chopped hard-boiled eggs, yogurt.
Dip meats in eggs or milk and coat with bread crumbs before cooking.
Nuts and dried beans are significant sources of protein great alternatives to dairy
allergy or lactose intolerance!
Assessing Calroic Intake: Toddlers 1 to 3 - ANSWER Limit 100% juice 4 to 6oz a
day
The 1 to 2-year-old requires whole cow's milk to provide adequate fat.
Food serving size is 1 tablespoon for each year of age
Assessing Caloric Intake: Preschoolers 3 to 6 - ANSWER Preschoolers need 13 to
19 g/day of complete protein.
1 tablespoon per year of age for size of foods.
May switch to skin or 1% low-fat milk after 2 years.
Assessing Caloric Intake: School-Age Children 6 to 12 - ANSWER Weight loss
program is directed for children 40% overweight.
Adolescence o Energy requirements average 2,000 calorie/day for a 12 to 18-year-
old female.
Energy requirements average 2,200 to 2,800 calorie/day for a 12 to 18-year old
male.
, .
Average U.S. adolescent consumes a diet deficient in folate, vitamin A and E, iron,
zinc, mag, calcium, and fiber.
Assessing Caloric Intake: Adulthood and Older Adulthood - ANSWER Need a
balanced diet that consists of 40% to 55% carbs, and 10-20% fat (with no more than
30% fat).
A 24 hr dietary intake is helpful in determining the need for dietary education.
- Use whole grains, select orange and dark green leafy vegetables, avoid fruits with
added sugar (make half your plate vegetables and fruits), use vegetable oils, 132-
362 discretionary calories are permitted per day.
Men Calorie Intake - ANSWER 19 to 30 years old: 2,400 calories
31 to 50 years old: 2,200 calories
51+ years old: 2,000 calories
Women Calorie Intake - ANSWER 19 to 30 years old: 2,000 calories
31 to 50 years old: 1,800 calories
51+ years old: 1,600 calories
High-Fiber Food Sources - ANSWER Beans
Vegetables
Oats
Whole grains
Cereals
Nuts, seeds
Raw or dried fruits
Barley
Flaxseed
Avocado
Chickpea
Brown Rice
Sweet Potato/Reg. Potato
Quinoa
Priority Cholesterol Levels to Report - ANSWER HDL (good cholesterol) should
have levels greater than or equal to 60mg/dl
LDL (bad cholesterol) is less than 130mg/dl.
Optimal cholesterol level is less than 200mg/dl.
Prioritizing Care for Intermittent Enteral Feeding - ANSWER Formula is
administered q4-6hr in equal portions of 250 to 400 ml over a 30-60min time frame
usually by gravity drop or pump.
Why should we be wary of questions regarding children drinking too much milk i.e.
more than 3-4 cups of milk each day. - ANSWER Too much milk intake reduces
intake of other essential nutrients, especially iron. Watch for anemia with milk-
aholics.
What vitamin presence is required by the parathyroid gland, in order for it to
function? - ANSWER Vitamin D
What should be avoided if the patient is taking digoxin or K-supplements? -
ANSWER Salt substitutes because many are potassium based
Potassium Sources: - ANSWER bananas, potatoes, citrus fruits
What needs to be avoided on neutropenic precautions? - ANSWER Milk (as well as
fresh fruit or veggies)
Nondairy sources of calcium: - ANSWER RHUBARB, SARDINES, COLLARD
GREENS 24
How does nonfat milk reduce reflux? - ANSWER by increasing lower esophageal
sphincter pressure
Yogurt has live cultures, so what patients should you not give this to? - ANSWER
Immunosuppressed patients
What foods should not be given a kid positive for PKU (a rare, inherited disorder that
prevents the body from breaking down the amino acid phenylalanine)? - ANSWER
No phenylalanine (no meat, no dairy, no aspartame).
Acid Ash diet: - ANSWER cheese, corn, cranberries, plums, prunes, meat, poultry,
pastry, bread
Alk Ash diet: - ANSWER milk, veggies, rhubarb, salmon
Manifestations of Vitamin A Toxicity - ANSWER Can cause teratogenic effects on
fetuses
Blurred vision
Bone pain or swelling
Hypercalcemia
ICP
Liver damage
Skin peeling, itching
Nausea and vomiting
Abnormal softening of the skull bone (children) and bulging fontanels
Planning Care for a Client Who Follows Seventh-Day Adventist Dietary Laws -
ANSWER Vegetarianism --
Do not consume animal products of any type INCLUDING eggs and milk products.
Vitamin B12 and Vitamin D supplements may be needed with a pure vegan diet.
, .
Vegan diets are adequate in protein due to intake of nuts and legumes (dried peas
and cooked beans).
Initiating Continuous Enteral Feeding - ANSWER This is recommended for critically
ill patients because it is associated with small residual volumes, and a lower risk of
aspiration and diarrhea.
Residual volumes should be measures q4-6hrs.
Feeding tubes should be flushed with water q4hr to maintain patency and hydration.
If patient's gastric volume exceeds 500ml, the continuous feeding should be HELD
and tolerance reassessed.
In children, residual volumes should be measured and held if the amount is equal to
or greater than ¼ the prescribed feeding amount.
Residual should be returned and the amount rechecked in 30min to 1hr.
Recommendations for Nutritional Supplement - ANSWER Add skim milk to powder
milk (double strength milk)
Use whole milk instead of water recipes
Add cheese, peanut butter, chopped hard-boiled eggs, yogurt.
Dip meats in eggs or milk and coat with bread crumbs before cooking.
Nuts and dried beans are significant sources of protein great alternatives to dairy
allergy or lactose intolerance!
Assessing Calroic Intake: Toddlers 1 to 3 - ANSWER Limit 100% juice 4 to 6oz a
day
The 1 to 2-year-old requires whole cow's milk to provide adequate fat.
Food serving size is 1 tablespoon for each year of age
Assessing Caloric Intake: Preschoolers 3 to 6 - ANSWER Preschoolers need 13 to
19 g/day of complete protein.
1 tablespoon per year of age for size of foods.
May switch to skin or 1% low-fat milk after 2 years.
Assessing Caloric Intake: School-Age Children 6 to 12 - ANSWER Weight loss
program is directed for children 40% overweight.
Adolescence o Energy requirements average 2,000 calorie/day for a 12 to 18-year-
old female.
Energy requirements average 2,200 to 2,800 calorie/day for a 12 to 18-year old
male.
, .
Average U.S. adolescent consumes a diet deficient in folate, vitamin A and E, iron,
zinc, mag, calcium, and fiber.
Assessing Caloric Intake: Adulthood and Older Adulthood - ANSWER Need a
balanced diet that consists of 40% to 55% carbs, and 10-20% fat (with no more than
30% fat).
A 24 hr dietary intake is helpful in determining the need for dietary education.
- Use whole grains, select orange and dark green leafy vegetables, avoid fruits with
added sugar (make half your plate vegetables and fruits), use vegetable oils, 132-
362 discretionary calories are permitted per day.
Men Calorie Intake - ANSWER 19 to 30 years old: 2,400 calories
31 to 50 years old: 2,200 calories
51+ years old: 2,000 calories
Women Calorie Intake - ANSWER 19 to 30 years old: 2,000 calories
31 to 50 years old: 1,800 calories
51+ years old: 1,600 calories
High-Fiber Food Sources - ANSWER Beans
Vegetables
Oats
Whole grains
Cereals
Nuts, seeds
Raw or dried fruits
Barley
Flaxseed
Avocado
Chickpea
Brown Rice
Sweet Potato/Reg. Potato
Quinoa
Priority Cholesterol Levels to Report - ANSWER HDL (good cholesterol) should
have levels greater than or equal to 60mg/dl
LDL (bad cholesterol) is less than 130mg/dl.
Optimal cholesterol level is less than 200mg/dl.
Prioritizing Care for Intermittent Enteral Feeding - ANSWER Formula is
administered q4-6hr in equal portions of 250 to 400 ml over a 30-60min time frame
usually by gravity drop or pump.
