Brain and Behavior Exam 4
whole-animal manipulations correct answers Determine how an environmental
condition affects brain and behaviors
EX: Diet, exercise, sensory stimulation, drug usage, social interactions
Brain Lesions correct answers Remove or destroy neural tissue to observe behavioral
changes
EX: Knife cuts, electrolytic lesions, neurotoxic lesions (chemical)
(Manipulation)
Brain Lesions, temporary and reversible correct answers Short-term silencing of neural
tissue to observe behavioral changes
EX: Regional Cooling to arrest synaptic transmission, delivery of an agonist for GABA
through a cannula to increase local inhibition
(manipulation)
Genetic Lesions correct answers Remove genetic material
EX: knockout technology
(manipulation)
Genetic stimulation correct answers Add genetic material
EX: knock-in technology
(manipulation)
Drug manipulations correct answers Determine receptor systems role in the CNS
EX: Use drugs to activate (Agonists) or inactivate (Antagonists) a receptor system.
Electrical and magnetic stimulation correct answers Excite tissue activity
EX: DBS, TMS
(manipulation)
Optogenetics correct answers Use light to activate specific ion channels and relate to
behavior
EX: insertion of specific light-sensitive proteins
, (manipulation)
Chemogenetics correct answers Use specific synthetic drugs to activate designer
receptors
EX: insertion of specific G protein-couples receptors
(manipulation)
Behavioral Analysis correct answers Observe behavior; generate tests to allow people
and lab animals to demonstrate behavioral capacities
EX: Naturalistic observation, tests, mazes
(Measure)
Tissue Analysis correct answers Identify cell types and connections; identify disease
states
EX: Stains
(measure)
Record electrical and magnetic activity correct answers Measure action potentials from
individual neurons; measure graded potentials to assess coordinated activity of
thousands of neurons; measure magnetic fields
EX: Single cell recording, EEG, ERP, MEG
(measure)
Anatomical brain imaging correct answers Noninvasive examination of brain structures
EX: Miniature microscopes, X-ray, CT, MRI, DTI
Functional brain imaging correct answers Measure brain activity as specific behaviors
are performed
EX: fMRI, fNIRS, MRS, PET
(measure)
In vivo chemistry correct answers Relate fluctuations in transmitter release to behavior
EX: HPLC, micro-dialysis, voltammetry
(measure)
Genetics correct answers Determine presence of a gene and its products
EX: DNA, RNA, protein analysis
(measure)
whole-animal manipulations correct answers Determine how an environmental
condition affects brain and behaviors
EX: Diet, exercise, sensory stimulation, drug usage, social interactions
Brain Lesions correct answers Remove or destroy neural tissue to observe behavioral
changes
EX: Knife cuts, electrolytic lesions, neurotoxic lesions (chemical)
(Manipulation)
Brain Lesions, temporary and reversible correct answers Short-term silencing of neural
tissue to observe behavioral changes
EX: Regional Cooling to arrest synaptic transmission, delivery of an agonist for GABA
through a cannula to increase local inhibition
(manipulation)
Genetic Lesions correct answers Remove genetic material
EX: knockout technology
(manipulation)
Genetic stimulation correct answers Add genetic material
EX: knock-in technology
(manipulation)
Drug manipulations correct answers Determine receptor systems role in the CNS
EX: Use drugs to activate (Agonists) or inactivate (Antagonists) a receptor system.
Electrical and magnetic stimulation correct answers Excite tissue activity
EX: DBS, TMS
(manipulation)
Optogenetics correct answers Use light to activate specific ion channels and relate to
behavior
EX: insertion of specific light-sensitive proteins
, (manipulation)
Chemogenetics correct answers Use specific synthetic drugs to activate designer
receptors
EX: insertion of specific G protein-couples receptors
(manipulation)
Behavioral Analysis correct answers Observe behavior; generate tests to allow people
and lab animals to demonstrate behavioral capacities
EX: Naturalistic observation, tests, mazes
(Measure)
Tissue Analysis correct answers Identify cell types and connections; identify disease
states
EX: Stains
(measure)
Record electrical and magnetic activity correct answers Measure action potentials from
individual neurons; measure graded potentials to assess coordinated activity of
thousands of neurons; measure magnetic fields
EX: Single cell recording, EEG, ERP, MEG
(measure)
Anatomical brain imaging correct answers Noninvasive examination of brain structures
EX: Miniature microscopes, X-ray, CT, MRI, DTI
Functional brain imaging correct answers Measure brain activity as specific behaviors
are performed
EX: fMRI, fNIRS, MRS, PET
(measure)
In vivo chemistry correct answers Relate fluctuations in transmitter release to behavior
EX: HPLC, micro-dialysis, voltammetry
(measure)
Genetics correct answers Determine presence of a gene and its products
EX: DNA, RNA, protein analysis
(measure)
