Brain and behavior exam review
What are the steps of synaptic activity ? correct answers 1. the action potential arrives
and spreads over the membrane.
2. causing voltage-gated Ca+ channels to open.
3. the resultant influx of Ca+ causes synaptic vesicles to migrate to the pre synaptic
membrane, fuse, and rupture, releasing neurotransmitter molecules into the synaptic
cleft.
4. molecules of neurotransmitter briefly bind to post synaptic receptors and change the
function of the postsynaptic cell.
5. neurotransmitter action is rapidly reversed, through re uptake of transmitter and
enzymatic breakdown of transmitter molecules.
neurons process information through what type of response and releases what into a
synapse to inform the next cell? correct answers - electrical
- chemical
what is an exogenous substance? correct answers from external sources
(ex. psychoactive drugs)
what is an endogenous substance? correct answers produced internally
(ex. neurotransmitters)
what are the criteria for a neurotransmitter? correct answers 1. substance is
synthesized in pre synaptic neurons and store in axon terminals.
2. Is released when action potentials reach axon terminals
3. Is recognized by receptors on post synaptic
4. causes changes in the post synaptic cell
5. blocking its release interferes with the effects on the post synaptic cell
what are some amine neurotransmitters? correct answers - acetylcholine
- dopamine
- serotonin
what are some amino acid neurotransmitters? correct answers - gaba
- glutamate
what are some peptide neurotransmitters? correct answers - oxytocin
- vasopressin
what are some gas neurotransmitters? correct answers - nitric oxide
- carbon monoxide
, neuropeptides correct answers are large molecules composed of 3 to 36 amino acids
small molecule neurotransmitter correct answers - acetylcholine
- biogenic amines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrin, serotonin, histamine)
- amino acids (glutamate, gaba)
- gases (nitric oxide and carbon monoxide
what are the four important amine transmitters project throughout the brain ? correct
answers - acetylcholine (ACh)
- dopamine (DA)
- serotonin (5-HT)
- norepinephrine (NE)
what neurotransmitter pathway does cholinergic go? correct answers basal forebrain
what neurotransmitter pathway does dopaminergic go? correct answers mesostriatal &
mesolimbocortical
what neurotransmitter pathway does noradrenergic go? correct answers locus
coeruleus to forebrain
what neurotransmitter pathway does serotonergic go? correct answers midbrain raphe
nuclei to forebrain & brainstem raphe nuclei to spinal cord
Amino acids groups are the most common neurotransmitters that consists of ? correct
answers - glutamate (excitatory) ; interacts with types of receptors such as NMDA
receptors (very important for memory formation) & gaba (inhibitory)
Gas neurotransmitters are different due to correct answers - produced outside axon
terminals - mainly in dendrites, diffusing as soon as it is produced.
- no receptors are involved; diffuses into target cell & activates second messenger
- can function as a retrograde transmitter; by diffusing from post synaptic neuron back
into pre synaptic neuron
duration of a drug's effect is determined by hot it is correct answers metabolized
when metabolized, drugs can produce active metabolites that may produce side effects
such as correct answers bio tranformation
affinity correct answers describes strength of drug binding with receptor ("fit the lock")
efficacy correct answers describes ability of drug-bound receptor to produce a
response ("turn the key")
agonists correct answers have both affinities for the receptor as well as efficacy
What are the steps of synaptic activity ? correct answers 1. the action potential arrives
and spreads over the membrane.
2. causing voltage-gated Ca+ channels to open.
3. the resultant influx of Ca+ causes synaptic vesicles to migrate to the pre synaptic
membrane, fuse, and rupture, releasing neurotransmitter molecules into the synaptic
cleft.
4. molecules of neurotransmitter briefly bind to post synaptic receptors and change the
function of the postsynaptic cell.
5. neurotransmitter action is rapidly reversed, through re uptake of transmitter and
enzymatic breakdown of transmitter molecules.
neurons process information through what type of response and releases what into a
synapse to inform the next cell? correct answers - electrical
- chemical
what is an exogenous substance? correct answers from external sources
(ex. psychoactive drugs)
what is an endogenous substance? correct answers produced internally
(ex. neurotransmitters)
what are the criteria for a neurotransmitter? correct answers 1. substance is
synthesized in pre synaptic neurons and store in axon terminals.
2. Is released when action potentials reach axon terminals
3. Is recognized by receptors on post synaptic
4. causes changes in the post synaptic cell
5. blocking its release interferes with the effects on the post synaptic cell
what are some amine neurotransmitters? correct answers - acetylcholine
- dopamine
- serotonin
what are some amino acid neurotransmitters? correct answers - gaba
- glutamate
what are some peptide neurotransmitters? correct answers - oxytocin
- vasopressin
what are some gas neurotransmitters? correct answers - nitric oxide
- carbon monoxide
, neuropeptides correct answers are large molecules composed of 3 to 36 amino acids
small molecule neurotransmitter correct answers - acetylcholine
- biogenic amines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrin, serotonin, histamine)
- amino acids (glutamate, gaba)
- gases (nitric oxide and carbon monoxide
what are the four important amine transmitters project throughout the brain ? correct
answers - acetylcholine (ACh)
- dopamine (DA)
- serotonin (5-HT)
- norepinephrine (NE)
what neurotransmitter pathway does cholinergic go? correct answers basal forebrain
what neurotransmitter pathway does dopaminergic go? correct answers mesostriatal &
mesolimbocortical
what neurotransmitter pathway does noradrenergic go? correct answers locus
coeruleus to forebrain
what neurotransmitter pathway does serotonergic go? correct answers midbrain raphe
nuclei to forebrain & brainstem raphe nuclei to spinal cord
Amino acids groups are the most common neurotransmitters that consists of ? correct
answers - glutamate (excitatory) ; interacts with types of receptors such as NMDA
receptors (very important for memory formation) & gaba (inhibitory)
Gas neurotransmitters are different due to correct answers - produced outside axon
terminals - mainly in dendrites, diffusing as soon as it is produced.
- no receptors are involved; diffuses into target cell & activates second messenger
- can function as a retrograde transmitter; by diffusing from post synaptic neuron back
into pre synaptic neuron
duration of a drug's effect is determined by hot it is correct answers metabolized
when metabolized, drugs can produce active metabolites that may produce side effects
such as correct answers bio tranformation
affinity correct answers describes strength of drug binding with receptor ("fit the lock")
efficacy correct answers describes ability of drug-bound receptor to produce a
response ("turn the key")
agonists correct answers have both affinities for the receptor as well as efficacy
