Sociology Exam 1 Study Guide|
49 Questions and Answers
Sociological Imagination - -- the ability to view one's society as an outsider
would
- an awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider
society, both today and in the past
-Theory - -- set of statements that seek to explain problems, actions, and
behaviors
-Durkheims's research of Suicide Rates - -- one of the first studies that
focused on social factors and not individual factors
- found that suicide rates of a society reflect the degree in which people are
integrated into society
- CONCLUSION: the stronger the bonds people have within a society, the
lower the rates of suicide
-C. Wright Mills - -- describes sociological imagination as an awareness of
the relationship between an individual and the wider society
-Auguste Comte - -- coined term "sociology"
- known as the Father of Sociology
-Max Weber - -- to fully comprehend behavior we must learn the subjective
meaning people attach to their actions
-verstehen - -- Max Weber
- to understand and have insight
-ideal type - -- Max Weber
- standard for evaluating specific cases
-Karl Marx - -- society fundamentally divided between two classes that are
struggling for the same goals of wealth, power, and success
- published "The Communist Manifesto"
-Manifest Function - -institutions are open, states, conscious functions that
involve intended, recognized consequences of an aspect of society
-Latent Function - -unconscious or unintended functions that may reflect
hidden purposes of an institution
, -Scientific Method - -scientific, organized series of steps that ensures
maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem
-Steps of the Scientific Method - -- defining the problem
- reviewing the literature
- formulating the hypothesis
- collecting and analyzing the data
- developing the conclusion
-Hypothesis - -speculative statement about the relationship between two or
more factors known as variables
-Variable - -measurable trait or characteristic subject to change under
different conditions
-Independent Variables - -variable hypothesized to use or influence another
-Dependent Variables - -its action depends on the influence of the
independent variable
-Operational Definition - -explanation of an abstract concept that is specific
enough to allow a researcher to assess the concept
-Reliability - -extent to which a measure produced consistent results
-Validity - -degree in which a measure or scale truly reflects the
phenomenon under study
-Research Design - -detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically
-Types of Research Designs & Methods - -- survey
- ethnography
- experiment
- existing sources/secondary analysis
-Culture - -totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge,
material objects, and behavior
-Society - -large number of people who live in the same territory, who are
relatively independent of people outside the area, and who participate in a
common culture
-Language - -an abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all
aspects of culture
49 Questions and Answers
Sociological Imagination - -- the ability to view one's society as an outsider
would
- an awareness of the relationship between an individual and the wider
society, both today and in the past
-Theory - -- set of statements that seek to explain problems, actions, and
behaviors
-Durkheims's research of Suicide Rates - -- one of the first studies that
focused on social factors and not individual factors
- found that suicide rates of a society reflect the degree in which people are
integrated into society
- CONCLUSION: the stronger the bonds people have within a society, the
lower the rates of suicide
-C. Wright Mills - -- describes sociological imagination as an awareness of
the relationship between an individual and the wider society
-Auguste Comte - -- coined term "sociology"
- known as the Father of Sociology
-Max Weber - -- to fully comprehend behavior we must learn the subjective
meaning people attach to their actions
-verstehen - -- Max Weber
- to understand and have insight
-ideal type - -- Max Weber
- standard for evaluating specific cases
-Karl Marx - -- society fundamentally divided between two classes that are
struggling for the same goals of wealth, power, and success
- published "The Communist Manifesto"
-Manifest Function - -institutions are open, states, conscious functions that
involve intended, recognized consequences of an aspect of society
-Latent Function - -unconscious or unintended functions that may reflect
hidden purposes of an institution
, -Scientific Method - -scientific, organized series of steps that ensures
maximum objectivity and consistency in researching a problem
-Steps of the Scientific Method - -- defining the problem
- reviewing the literature
- formulating the hypothesis
- collecting and analyzing the data
- developing the conclusion
-Hypothesis - -speculative statement about the relationship between two or
more factors known as variables
-Variable - -measurable trait or characteristic subject to change under
different conditions
-Independent Variables - -variable hypothesized to use or influence another
-Dependent Variables - -its action depends on the influence of the
independent variable
-Operational Definition - -explanation of an abstract concept that is specific
enough to allow a researcher to assess the concept
-Reliability - -extent to which a measure produced consistent results
-Validity - -degree in which a measure or scale truly reflects the
phenomenon under study
-Research Design - -detailed plan or method for obtaining data scientifically
-Types of Research Designs & Methods - -- survey
- ethnography
- experiment
- existing sources/secondary analysis
-Culture - -totality of learned, socially transmitted customs, knowledge,
material objects, and behavior
-Society - -large number of people who live in the same territory, who are
relatively independent of people outside the area, and who participate in a
common culture
-Language - -an abstract system of word meanings and symbols for all
aspects of culture
