Sociology Test 1 Questions with
Accurate Solutions
What is Sociology? - -Sociology is the study of behavior and human groups.
Sociology focuses on social relationship attitudes behavior and how societies
are established. Sociology is the science of society.
-Define the sociological imagination. - -C. Wright Mills in 1959.The
awareness of relation between individual and wider society, instead of using
bias or personal experiences. Sociological imagination also is the ability to
see the impact of social forces on our private lives.
-Who were the three early thinkers in the early development of sociology? -
-Aguste Compte- considered found of sociology. Early 1800 theoretical
science of society and systematic investigation of behavior were needed to
improve society. He thought sociology was queen of science. Hariet
Martineau (1820 to 1876). She was known for her study of religion, politics,
child rearing, and immigration in England and the United States. Herbert
Spencer (1820-1903) - Sociologist, who focused on understanding sociology.
He drew research from Charles Darwin. He applied concept of evolution of
the species to society. How they developed over time. He coined "survival of
the fittest".
-Who were the three 19th century thinkers and briefly describer their main
contributions. - -Emile Durkheim (1828-1917) First Sociology Professor in
France. (Crime punishment, religion) He believed behavior must be
understood within the larger context (Sociological imagination). Emile also
believes suicide is related to group life even though it is a solo act. Single
men have much high rate than married men. Increase suicide during times of
peace than during war. Suicide rates reflect group integration. Max Weber
(1864-1920) (sounds like Veber) - Born in Germany. Known for his teaching
"Verstehen" (meaning Understand). Believed we need to learn to subjective
meaning people attach their actions. He also came up with the "Ideal Tool" a
made up model like measuring tools which is used to evaluate actual cases.
Karl Marx- is not a sociologist. (in Germany) All of the work he did and
studies on was social class. Unable to obtain a formal education. 1847 Marx
and Ingles had meeting called the communist league. He wrote the
communist manifesto. He was a reformist. He was also exiled because of the
communist manifesto. He thought capitalism was the root of all evil.
-List and define the 3 theoretical perspectives in sociology - -• Structural
Functionalism (Macro) - view society as a living organism. Each part
contributes as a whole. Talcott Parsons was a key figure. The problem with
this theory is if they cannot explain why something stayed around for
, example incest. Family contributes to society because we would have to
reproduce.
• Conflict Theory (Marco) - Society in a state of perpetual conflict and
competition for limited resources (money, power). Karl Marx is the father of
Conflict Theory. See the world in continual struggle. In the 60's in Vietnam,
civil rights, feminism abortion became popular. How social institutions help
maintain privilege of some but keeps others in subordinate positions.
• Symbolic interactionism (micro) - Theory focus on everyday form on
communication. Gestures, symbols, and speech are some examples. George
Herber Mead was the founded and looks at how human behavior was
influenced by the larger social context.
-What is a Micro theory? - -which best fit the study of small groups and their
members
-What is a Macro Theory? - -Which best fit the study of massive numbers of
people
-Who is associated with symbolic interactionism? - -George Herbert Mead
Charles Horton Cooley
Erving Goffman
-Who is associated with conflict theory? - -• Karl Marx
• W. E. B. Du Bois
• C. Wright Mills
-Who is associated with functionalism? - -• Talcott Parsons
• Emile Durkheim
• Robert Merton
-List the five steps in the Scientific Method. - -• 1. Defining the Problem:
take the topic and break it down.
• 2. Review the literature: review academic literature, academic journal
article, dissertations, and master thesis.
• 3. Formulate a Hypothesis: Speculative statement with two or more
variables; includes dependent and independent variables.
• 4. Select research design: detailed plans or methods to collect data.
a. Surveys (cheapest and shortest) - set of questions that want the answers
to. Provides with information on how people think or act.
b. Observation (most expensive and takes the longest) - collect data by
observing.
c. Experiment- Artificial created situation allows researcher to manipulate
variables. Hawthorn effect occurs when people act different in a lab because
they know they are being watched. For example Asch test in 1952.
Accurate Solutions
What is Sociology? - -Sociology is the study of behavior and human groups.
Sociology focuses on social relationship attitudes behavior and how societies
are established. Sociology is the science of society.
-Define the sociological imagination. - -C. Wright Mills in 1959.The
awareness of relation between individual and wider society, instead of using
bias or personal experiences. Sociological imagination also is the ability to
see the impact of social forces on our private lives.
-Who were the three early thinkers in the early development of sociology? -
-Aguste Compte- considered found of sociology. Early 1800 theoretical
science of society and systematic investigation of behavior were needed to
improve society. He thought sociology was queen of science. Hariet
Martineau (1820 to 1876). She was known for her study of religion, politics,
child rearing, and immigration in England and the United States. Herbert
Spencer (1820-1903) - Sociologist, who focused on understanding sociology.
He drew research from Charles Darwin. He applied concept of evolution of
the species to society. How they developed over time. He coined "survival of
the fittest".
-Who were the three 19th century thinkers and briefly describer their main
contributions. - -Emile Durkheim (1828-1917) First Sociology Professor in
France. (Crime punishment, religion) He believed behavior must be
understood within the larger context (Sociological imagination). Emile also
believes suicide is related to group life even though it is a solo act. Single
men have much high rate than married men. Increase suicide during times of
peace than during war. Suicide rates reflect group integration. Max Weber
(1864-1920) (sounds like Veber) - Born in Germany. Known for his teaching
"Verstehen" (meaning Understand). Believed we need to learn to subjective
meaning people attach their actions. He also came up with the "Ideal Tool" a
made up model like measuring tools which is used to evaluate actual cases.
Karl Marx- is not a sociologist. (in Germany) All of the work he did and
studies on was social class. Unable to obtain a formal education. 1847 Marx
and Ingles had meeting called the communist league. He wrote the
communist manifesto. He was a reformist. He was also exiled because of the
communist manifesto. He thought capitalism was the root of all evil.
-List and define the 3 theoretical perspectives in sociology - -• Structural
Functionalism (Macro) - view society as a living organism. Each part
contributes as a whole. Talcott Parsons was a key figure. The problem with
this theory is if they cannot explain why something stayed around for
, example incest. Family contributes to society because we would have to
reproduce.
• Conflict Theory (Marco) - Society in a state of perpetual conflict and
competition for limited resources (money, power). Karl Marx is the father of
Conflict Theory. See the world in continual struggle. In the 60's in Vietnam,
civil rights, feminism abortion became popular. How social institutions help
maintain privilege of some but keeps others in subordinate positions.
• Symbolic interactionism (micro) - Theory focus on everyday form on
communication. Gestures, symbols, and speech are some examples. George
Herber Mead was the founded and looks at how human behavior was
influenced by the larger social context.
-What is a Micro theory? - -which best fit the study of small groups and their
members
-What is a Macro Theory? - -Which best fit the study of massive numbers of
people
-Who is associated with symbolic interactionism? - -George Herbert Mead
Charles Horton Cooley
Erving Goffman
-Who is associated with conflict theory? - -• Karl Marx
• W. E. B. Du Bois
• C. Wright Mills
-Who is associated with functionalism? - -• Talcott Parsons
• Emile Durkheim
• Robert Merton
-List the five steps in the Scientific Method. - -• 1. Defining the Problem:
take the topic and break it down.
• 2. Review the literature: review academic literature, academic journal
article, dissertations, and master thesis.
• 3. Formulate a Hypothesis: Speculative statement with two or more
variables; includes dependent and independent variables.
• 4. Select research design: detailed plans or methods to collect data.
a. Surveys (cheapest and shortest) - set of questions that want the answers
to. Provides with information on how people think or act.
b. Observation (most expensive and takes the longest) - collect data by
observing.
c. Experiment- Artificial created situation allows researcher to manipulate
variables. Hawthorn effect occurs when people act different in a lab because
they know they are being watched. For example Asch test in 1952.
