Brain & Behavior Exam 1
Somatic nervous system correct answers Part of PNS; associated with voluntary
movements of skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system correct answers Part of PNS; associated with involuntary
movements that may regulate body processes such as breathing; sympathetic (fight or
flight) & parasympathetic (calming, relaxation); have ganglia for sympathetic and
parasympathetic near spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system correct answers nerves and sensory organs beyond brain &
spinal cord
Central nervous system correct answers brain & spinal cord
Basal Ganglia correct answers group of neurons; involved in control of movement;
subcortical in forebrain below corpus callosum; injured in those with Parkinsons
Nucleus correct answers center of cell, containing chromosomal DNA and nucleolus
Dura mater correct answers closest to skull; outer layer, thick but flexible
Arachnoid membrane correct answers middle layer, web-like and spongy
Pia mater correct answers innermost layer, closely attached to brain and spinal cord;
contains smaller surface blood vessels of brain and spinal cord
Subarachnoid space correct answers between arachnoid membrane and pia mater;
filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Cranial nerves correct answers 12 nerves deriving straight from brain or brainstem;
used to bring information directly from sensory organs (afferent) or to muscles
(efferent); sensory and motor functions of the head and neck region
Sodium/Potassium pump correct answers used to maintain axon at resting potential;
keeping Na+ out and K+ in
Glial cells correct answers support cells for neurons; include astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes, microglia, radial glia, Schwann cells; "nerve glue"
Astrocytes correct answers star shaped; physical support and clean up debris inside
brain via phagocytosis; regulates chemical composition of fluid around neurons by
providing nutrients from bloodstream
, Oligodendrocytes correct answers produces myelin sheath
Microglia correct answers smallest of glia cells; "immune system" for brain; phagocytes,
protect from invading microorganisms; active only when there is brain damage and
leaves behind scar tissue
Radial glia correct answers prenatal, brain development; used to guide neurons to
where they will eventually develop
Schwann cells correct answers produces myelin sheath but in PNS, stimulate growth of
neuron!! - diff than oligodendrocyte
Induction correct answers response to growth factors that induces ectoderm to
eventually form the neural plate of which the neural tube and CNS form
Migration correct answers radial glial cells guide the new neurons to correct location;
layers of cortex start forming from inside, meaning that each new neuron must past
through previously developed neural cells
Neural crest correct answers group of cells derived from neural plate crest (above the
tube) that separate away after neural tube is complete; contribute to formation of PNS &
glial cells
Neural groove correct answers resulting space of between the neural folding of the
plate during neuralation
Neural tube correct answers hollow tube that forms from ectodermal tissue early in
embryonic development; serves as the origin of the central nervous system for brain
and spinal cord
Myelin sheath correct answers insulation for axons to prevent messages from
spreading between adjacent axons; 80% lipid, 20% protein; not continuous
Meninges correct answers three layers of tissue that encase the central nervous
system
Meningitis correct answers inflammation of the meninges covering brain/spinal cord
and causes the layers to swell and push against arteries which compromising nerve's
blood supply
Epidural hematoma correct answers Brain injury caused by trauma where damaged
blood vessels within the skull lead to a blood build up between outer layer of the brain
and the skull; Causes dura to break away from the cell; Can lead to death because
blood pools inside rigid skull and brain is forced out through an opening at base of the
skull (coning) causing irreparable damage and brain death
Somatic nervous system correct answers Part of PNS; associated with voluntary
movements of skeletal muscles
Autonomic nervous system correct answers Part of PNS; associated with involuntary
movements that may regulate body processes such as breathing; sympathetic (fight or
flight) & parasympathetic (calming, relaxation); have ganglia for sympathetic and
parasympathetic near spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system correct answers nerves and sensory organs beyond brain &
spinal cord
Central nervous system correct answers brain & spinal cord
Basal Ganglia correct answers group of neurons; involved in control of movement;
subcortical in forebrain below corpus callosum; injured in those with Parkinsons
Nucleus correct answers center of cell, containing chromosomal DNA and nucleolus
Dura mater correct answers closest to skull; outer layer, thick but flexible
Arachnoid membrane correct answers middle layer, web-like and spongy
Pia mater correct answers innermost layer, closely attached to brain and spinal cord;
contains smaller surface blood vessels of brain and spinal cord
Subarachnoid space correct answers between arachnoid membrane and pia mater;
filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Cranial nerves correct answers 12 nerves deriving straight from brain or brainstem;
used to bring information directly from sensory organs (afferent) or to muscles
(efferent); sensory and motor functions of the head and neck region
Sodium/Potassium pump correct answers used to maintain axon at resting potential;
keeping Na+ out and K+ in
Glial cells correct answers support cells for neurons; include astrocytes,
oligodendrocytes, microglia, radial glia, Schwann cells; "nerve glue"
Astrocytes correct answers star shaped; physical support and clean up debris inside
brain via phagocytosis; regulates chemical composition of fluid around neurons by
providing nutrients from bloodstream
, Oligodendrocytes correct answers produces myelin sheath
Microglia correct answers smallest of glia cells; "immune system" for brain; phagocytes,
protect from invading microorganisms; active only when there is brain damage and
leaves behind scar tissue
Radial glia correct answers prenatal, brain development; used to guide neurons to
where they will eventually develop
Schwann cells correct answers produces myelin sheath but in PNS, stimulate growth of
neuron!! - diff than oligodendrocyte
Induction correct answers response to growth factors that induces ectoderm to
eventually form the neural plate of which the neural tube and CNS form
Migration correct answers radial glial cells guide the new neurons to correct location;
layers of cortex start forming from inside, meaning that each new neuron must past
through previously developed neural cells
Neural crest correct answers group of cells derived from neural plate crest (above the
tube) that separate away after neural tube is complete; contribute to formation of PNS &
glial cells
Neural groove correct answers resulting space of between the neural folding of the
plate during neuralation
Neural tube correct answers hollow tube that forms from ectodermal tissue early in
embryonic development; serves as the origin of the central nervous system for brain
and spinal cord
Myelin sheath correct answers insulation for axons to prevent messages from
spreading between adjacent axons; 80% lipid, 20% protein; not continuous
Meninges correct answers three layers of tissue that encase the central nervous
system
Meningitis correct answers inflammation of the meninges covering brain/spinal cord
and causes the layers to swell and push against arteries which compromising nerve's
blood supply
Epidural hematoma correct answers Brain injury caused by trauma where damaged
blood vessels within the skull lead to a blood build up between outer layer of the brain
and the skull; Causes dura to break away from the cell; Can lead to death because
blood pools inside rigid skull and brain is forced out through an opening at base of the
skull (coning) causing irreparable damage and brain death
