BIO 669 Q&A
What are the component of the renal fascia? - answer-adipose tissue with a double
layer of connective tissue over that.
What is renal ptosis? - answer-condition in which one or both kidneys drop to a lower
position that can cause kinking of the ureter and the renal vessels
Most common when large amounts of weight is lost.
What is the helium? - answer-where the renal vessels and the ureter exit
Located in the concave part of the kidney's bean shape.
What does the nephron do? - answer-filters plasma, retaining water and concentrating
urine.
Reabsorbs key substances, and secretes unneeded substances
Helps form protein free fluid.
Fluid volume, electrolyte balance and ph
What part of the nephron is the least extended into the medulla? - answer-cortical
nephron
What part of the nephrons extend the furthest and tries to concentrate the most urine
and preserve water?? - answer-juxtamedullary nephrons
What is are the nephrons made up of? - answer-cortical, midcorticol, juxtamedullary
nephrons
What is makes up the renal corpuscle? - answer-the glomerulus, the bowman capsule,
and the mesangial cells.
What are mesangial cells? - answer-they secrete ____ matrix and lie between and
support the glomerular capillaries (connective tissues cells). Some contract similar to
smooth muscle cells to regulate glomerular capillary blood flow.
Part immune cell: they have phagocytic properties and release inflammatory cytokines
and growth factors.
And signal as to what gets filtered and how fast the rate of renal blood flow.
What does the bowman's capsule do? - answer-helps to contain and capture any fluid
that leaks out of the glomerulus
What is the glomerulus? - answer-ball of capillaries, that filters fluid out of the capillary.
What are principle cells and where are they found? - answer-found in distal tubule and
reabsorb sodium and secretes potassium (works with aldosterone)
, What are intercalated cells? - answer-secrete h+ and reabsorb k and hco3
(involved in acid base)
What do juxtaglomerular cells do? - answer-release renin
Have the ability to constrict the glomerular capillaries when needed by sensing pressure
in the afferent tubules.
Modified smooth muscle cells
What does the macula densa do? - answer-senses sodium levels =determine the need
to increase or decrease the flow rate
High sodium= increased flow rate
Low sodium= decreased flow rate
What does the proximal convoluted tubule do? - answer-active reabsorption of sodium
but also ions (sodium, chloride), and all organic nutrients (glucose, amino acids,
vitamins)
Small amounts of secretion of periamin hippuric acid.
What does glumerulotubular balance do? - answer-adjusts sodium and water
reabsorption
As gfr drops= higher sodium and water reabsorption
As gfr increases= less sodium and water reabsorption
What does the descending loop of henle do? - answer-permeable to water and
increases concentration enhancing water reabsorption
What does the ascending loop of henle do? - answer-actively pumps sodium out= loss
of salt and retention of water that changes concentration (much more diluted water)
What is the glomerular filtration membrane made up of? - answer-3 layers:
1. Inner capillary endothelium
2. Basement membrane
3. Outer capillary endothelium- podocytes and epithelial cells= filtration slits.
What are filtration slits? - answer-gaps of podocyte that allow for more filtration of small
molecules ( sodium and glucose) out, but large molecules (blood, globulins etc) stay in.
What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus made up of? - answer-juxtaglomerular cells and
macula densa
What are the component of the renal fascia? - answer-adipose tissue with a double
layer of connective tissue over that.
What is renal ptosis? - answer-condition in which one or both kidneys drop to a lower
position that can cause kinking of the ureter and the renal vessels
Most common when large amounts of weight is lost.
What is the helium? - answer-where the renal vessels and the ureter exit
Located in the concave part of the kidney's bean shape.
What does the nephron do? - answer-filters plasma, retaining water and concentrating
urine.
Reabsorbs key substances, and secretes unneeded substances
Helps form protein free fluid.
Fluid volume, electrolyte balance and ph
What part of the nephron is the least extended into the medulla? - answer-cortical
nephron
What part of the nephrons extend the furthest and tries to concentrate the most urine
and preserve water?? - answer-juxtamedullary nephrons
What is are the nephrons made up of? - answer-cortical, midcorticol, juxtamedullary
nephrons
What is makes up the renal corpuscle? - answer-the glomerulus, the bowman capsule,
and the mesangial cells.
What are mesangial cells? - answer-they secrete ____ matrix and lie between and
support the glomerular capillaries (connective tissues cells). Some contract similar to
smooth muscle cells to regulate glomerular capillary blood flow.
Part immune cell: they have phagocytic properties and release inflammatory cytokines
and growth factors.
And signal as to what gets filtered and how fast the rate of renal blood flow.
What does the bowman's capsule do? - answer-helps to contain and capture any fluid
that leaks out of the glomerulus
What is the glomerulus? - answer-ball of capillaries, that filters fluid out of the capillary.
What are principle cells and where are they found? - answer-found in distal tubule and
reabsorb sodium and secretes potassium (works with aldosterone)
, What are intercalated cells? - answer-secrete h+ and reabsorb k and hco3
(involved in acid base)
What do juxtaglomerular cells do? - answer-release renin
Have the ability to constrict the glomerular capillaries when needed by sensing pressure
in the afferent tubules.
Modified smooth muscle cells
What does the macula densa do? - answer-senses sodium levels =determine the need
to increase or decrease the flow rate
High sodium= increased flow rate
Low sodium= decreased flow rate
What does the proximal convoluted tubule do? - answer-active reabsorption of sodium
but also ions (sodium, chloride), and all organic nutrients (glucose, amino acids,
vitamins)
Small amounts of secretion of periamin hippuric acid.
What does glumerulotubular balance do? - answer-adjusts sodium and water
reabsorption
As gfr drops= higher sodium and water reabsorption
As gfr increases= less sodium and water reabsorption
What does the descending loop of henle do? - answer-permeable to water and
increases concentration enhancing water reabsorption
What does the ascending loop of henle do? - answer-actively pumps sodium out= loss
of salt and retention of water that changes concentration (much more diluted water)
What is the glomerular filtration membrane made up of? - answer-3 layers:
1. Inner capillary endothelium
2. Basement membrane
3. Outer capillary endothelium- podocytes and epithelial cells= filtration slits.
What are filtration slits? - answer-gaps of podocyte that allow for more filtration of small
molecules ( sodium and glucose) out, but large molecules (blood, globulins etc) stay in.
What is the juxtaglomerular apparatus made up of? - answer-juxtaglomerular cells and
macula densa
