Network and Security- Foundations- D315/ Study Guide
Questions with Correct Verified Answers – Latest Update 2024.
TCP/IP
✓ Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
Application Layer
✓ This layer is responsible for the communication protocols between nodes. The protocols in this
layer include hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP and HTTPS), Secure Shell (SSH), and network
time protocol (NTP), among many others.
unsheilded twisted pair (UTP)
✓ Unshielded twisted pair cables are created when pairs of wires are tested around each other to
protect and cancel out interference from each other and outside sources.
Cat 3 cable
✓ Supports up to 10 Mbps {megabits per second} for up to 100 meters and is commonly used for
phone lines today
CAT 4 Cable
✓ Supports 16 Mbps for up to 100 meters and is not commonly used today
CAT-5 Cable
✓ Used in Ethernet LAN's containing two twisted pairs, allowing for up to 100 Mbps up to 100
meters between the devices and the switch, hub, or router. This has been practically replaced by
the cat 5e specification
pg. 1
,Cat 5e cable
✓ Doubles the number of twisted pairs to four for up to 1 Gbps {gigabits per second} over up to
100 meters
Cat 6 cable
✓ Used in Ethernet LAN's and data centers, cat 6 is made up of four woven twisted pairs {more
twisted per linear foot} and supports 1 Gbps for up to 100 meters or 10 Gbps for up to 55 meters
Cat 6a cable
✓ An improvement of the cable Cat 6 standard, supporting the same standard and lengths, {with
the ability to run 10 Gbps over 100 meters maximum}, but using a higher quality cable that is
more resistant to interference. This is most commonly used in wired networks today
fiber-optic cable
✓ Cable that uses light guided through thin glass tubes instead of electrical signals to transmit
data. It is very fast, but also expensive.
Single-mode fiber
✓ Have several thin glass strands { in rare cases, plastic} covered protective insulation. Single-mode
cables have thin 10-micron strands and support a narrow range of wavelengths and higher
bandwidth, making them ideal for submarine cabling across continents
Multi-mode fiber
pg. 2
, ✓ Much cheaper than single-mode across shorter distances. The fiber in these cables is thicker,
from 50 to 100 microns. Because of their thickness, they can run a wider frequency of light over
shorter distances, from a couple of thousand meters to a couple of miles.
Coaxial cable
✓ A single copper wire surrounded by layers of plastic insulation and sheathing is used mainly in
cable television and cable Internet service.
Ping command
✓ Tools for testing connectivity to other hosts
Sends internet control message protocol {ICMP} to a host and listens for the reply
✓ Replies displays time it took and time to live {TTL}
Decentralization
✓ An approach that puts the computer power in the user's devices rather than a data center
client/server model
✓ This approach offloads some of the computing requirements from the data center's servers, but
more importantly, the client-server model allows application designers to implement advanced
user interfaces that would not otherwise be possible in a web-based or terminal-based
application.
Peer-to-Peer Model
✓ In a peer-to-peer network, client computers act as both servers and workstations because they
share files and printers while allowing a user to log on and use the client computer for normal
tasks
pg. 3
, Virualization
✓ Creates multiple "virtual" machines on a single computing device
Virtual devices operate similarly to their physical counterparts.
Benefits of virtualization:
-Deploy new virtual device quickly
-It is easier to move virtual devices within a data center or between data centers.
-Can increase or decrease resources allocated based on it's utilization rising and falling
Hypervisor
✓ Software that creates and manages virtual machines on a server or on a local computer Also
called a virtual machine manager (VMM).
Traceroute/Tracert command
✓ Trace the route an IP packet takes to it's destination
Display each hop {next router} with its IP address and the time it takes to receive the packet
Traceroute is linux command { can only be used by super user}
Tracert is windows command
tracepath command
Similar to traceroute/tracert
Display the path taken by packet to its destination
pg. 4
Questions with Correct Verified Answers – Latest Update 2024.
TCP/IP
✓ Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol
Application Layer
✓ This layer is responsible for the communication protocols between nodes. The protocols in this
layer include hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP and HTTPS), Secure Shell (SSH), and network
time protocol (NTP), among many others.
unsheilded twisted pair (UTP)
✓ Unshielded twisted pair cables are created when pairs of wires are tested around each other to
protect and cancel out interference from each other and outside sources.
Cat 3 cable
✓ Supports up to 10 Mbps {megabits per second} for up to 100 meters and is commonly used for
phone lines today
CAT 4 Cable
✓ Supports 16 Mbps for up to 100 meters and is not commonly used today
CAT-5 Cable
✓ Used in Ethernet LAN's containing two twisted pairs, allowing for up to 100 Mbps up to 100
meters between the devices and the switch, hub, or router. This has been practically replaced by
the cat 5e specification
pg. 1
,Cat 5e cable
✓ Doubles the number of twisted pairs to four for up to 1 Gbps {gigabits per second} over up to
100 meters
Cat 6 cable
✓ Used in Ethernet LAN's and data centers, cat 6 is made up of four woven twisted pairs {more
twisted per linear foot} and supports 1 Gbps for up to 100 meters or 10 Gbps for up to 55 meters
Cat 6a cable
✓ An improvement of the cable Cat 6 standard, supporting the same standard and lengths, {with
the ability to run 10 Gbps over 100 meters maximum}, but using a higher quality cable that is
more resistant to interference. This is most commonly used in wired networks today
fiber-optic cable
✓ Cable that uses light guided through thin glass tubes instead of electrical signals to transmit
data. It is very fast, but also expensive.
Single-mode fiber
✓ Have several thin glass strands { in rare cases, plastic} covered protective insulation. Single-mode
cables have thin 10-micron strands and support a narrow range of wavelengths and higher
bandwidth, making them ideal for submarine cabling across continents
Multi-mode fiber
pg. 2
, ✓ Much cheaper than single-mode across shorter distances. The fiber in these cables is thicker,
from 50 to 100 microns. Because of their thickness, they can run a wider frequency of light over
shorter distances, from a couple of thousand meters to a couple of miles.
Coaxial cable
✓ A single copper wire surrounded by layers of plastic insulation and sheathing is used mainly in
cable television and cable Internet service.
Ping command
✓ Tools for testing connectivity to other hosts
Sends internet control message protocol {ICMP} to a host and listens for the reply
✓ Replies displays time it took and time to live {TTL}
Decentralization
✓ An approach that puts the computer power in the user's devices rather than a data center
client/server model
✓ This approach offloads some of the computing requirements from the data center's servers, but
more importantly, the client-server model allows application designers to implement advanced
user interfaces that would not otherwise be possible in a web-based or terminal-based
application.
Peer-to-Peer Model
✓ In a peer-to-peer network, client computers act as both servers and workstations because they
share files and printers while allowing a user to log on and use the client computer for normal
tasks
pg. 3
, Virualization
✓ Creates multiple "virtual" machines on a single computing device
Virtual devices operate similarly to their physical counterparts.
Benefits of virtualization:
-Deploy new virtual device quickly
-It is easier to move virtual devices within a data center or between data centers.
-Can increase or decrease resources allocated based on it's utilization rising and falling
Hypervisor
✓ Software that creates and manages virtual machines on a server or on a local computer Also
called a virtual machine manager (VMM).
Traceroute/Tracert command
✓ Trace the route an IP packet takes to it's destination
Display each hop {next router} with its IP address and the time it takes to receive the packet
Traceroute is linux command { can only be used by super user}
Tracert is windows command
tracepath command
Similar to traceroute/tracert
Display the path taken by packet to its destination
pg. 4
