TMC (Test B) EXIT EXAM QUESTIONS ACCURATE
TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM FROM 2023TO
2024 | ACCURATE AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | NEXT
GEN FORMAT | GUARANTEED PASS| WITH 100
QUESTIONS
After reviewing your work order for the day, you notice that you have a patient with chronic bronchitis
and another patient with emphysema. Which of the following PFT findings would you expect for these
patients?
A) Increased lung compliance
B) Decreased forced expiratory flows
C) Decreased total lung capacity
D) Decreased diffusing capacity
- ANSWER B) Decreased forced expiratory flows
* BOTH diseases that were mentioned are obstructive diseases.
(We know that with obstructive diseases, the patient will have decreases expiratory flow rates. Their
FEV1% will be less than 70%. Air trapping is also common in obstructive diseases which will cause the
TLC to be increased. A decreased diffusing capacity tends to occur only in emphysema).
Simple spirometry can be used to measure any of the following EXCEPT:
A) Tidal Volume
B) Vital Capacity
C) Inspiratory reserve volume
D) Residual Volume –
ANSWER D) Residual Volume
,(A spirometer is a device that measures exhaled flow rates and volumes. It can be used to obtain
measurements such as tidal volume, vital capacity, and FEV1. To get this one right, you have to know
what Residual Volume is. It is the amount of air that is left in the lungs after a full exhalation. The
residual volume cannot be exhaled. And because that is the case, it cannot be measured by simple
spirometry).
(Tidal volume, vital capacity, and IRV all can be measured with a spirometer. You would need a
Plethysmography, aka a body box, in order to measure the residual volume).
You are assessing a patient with chronic asthma. She has a SVC of 3,500mL and a FVC of 2,500mL. Which
of the following best explains this difference?
A) Increased compliance during a forced expiration
B) Poor instruction by the previous respiratory therapist
C) Muscle fatigue during a forced expiration
D) Air trapping during a forced expiration
- ANSWER D) Air trapping during a forced expiration
( The first thing that should stand out is that the patient has asthma, which is an obstructive disease. And
we know that air trapping is a commonality in obstructive diseases. If a patient has a significant
difference between their slow vital capacity and forced vital capacity, this also indicates that air is
trapped in the lungs when the patient exhales forcefully).
( Because they airways are obstructed or constricted, as with bronchospasm in asthma, all of the air can
be expelled if the patient exhales slowly, it just takes longer. This explains why the values are slower with
the FVC as compared to the SVC).
While reviewing the patients medical record, you note that the FEV1/FVC ratio reported as being
severely reduced. Which of the following is most consistent with this finding?
A) Pulmonary hypertension
B) Morbid obesity
C) Chronic asthma
, D) Pneumonia
- ANSWER C) Chronic asthma
(You have to know that the FEV1/FVC ratio is a measure of the percentage of a patients vital capacity
that can be expired in the first second of expiration. People with normal lungs can exhale at least 70% of
their vital capacity within the first 1 second, which is the FEV1).
(When you see a reduced FEV1?FVC ratio, that automatically tells you that there is an obstructive
disease. And by using the CBABE mnemonic, we can see that only one of the answer choices could
possibly be correct, and its C).
Your patient has an FEV1/FVC ratio that is lower than predicted. Her forced vital capacity is also lower
than normal as well. What is the most likely cause of these findings?
A) A restrictive lung disease
B) An obstructive lung disease
C) Combined obstructive and restrictive lung disease
D) Normal test results –
ANSWER C) Combined obstructive and restrictive lung disease.
(The patient has a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio which tells us that an obstructive disease is present. BUT, they
also have a reduced FVC as well. This tells us that they have a restrictive disease as well. So combined,
this patient has BOTH an obstructive and restrictive disease).
Pursed- lip breathing would be most beneficial in which of the following lung disorders?
- ANSWER Emphysema
On assessing a pt's laboratory results, you notice a sputum culture that reveals a high eosinophil count.
This is characteristic of which of the following pulmonary conditions?
- ANSWER Asthma
Which lung condition is characterized by consolidation on a chest x-ray?
TESTED VERSIONS OF THE EXAM FROM 2023TO
2024 | ACCURATE AND VERIFIED ANSWERS | NEXT
GEN FORMAT | GUARANTEED PASS| WITH 100
QUESTIONS
After reviewing your work order for the day, you notice that you have a patient with chronic bronchitis
and another patient with emphysema. Which of the following PFT findings would you expect for these
patients?
A) Increased lung compliance
B) Decreased forced expiratory flows
C) Decreased total lung capacity
D) Decreased diffusing capacity
- ANSWER B) Decreased forced expiratory flows
* BOTH diseases that were mentioned are obstructive diseases.
(We know that with obstructive diseases, the patient will have decreases expiratory flow rates. Their
FEV1% will be less than 70%. Air trapping is also common in obstructive diseases which will cause the
TLC to be increased. A decreased diffusing capacity tends to occur only in emphysema).
Simple spirometry can be used to measure any of the following EXCEPT:
A) Tidal Volume
B) Vital Capacity
C) Inspiratory reserve volume
D) Residual Volume –
ANSWER D) Residual Volume
,(A spirometer is a device that measures exhaled flow rates and volumes. It can be used to obtain
measurements such as tidal volume, vital capacity, and FEV1. To get this one right, you have to know
what Residual Volume is. It is the amount of air that is left in the lungs after a full exhalation. The
residual volume cannot be exhaled. And because that is the case, it cannot be measured by simple
spirometry).
(Tidal volume, vital capacity, and IRV all can be measured with a spirometer. You would need a
Plethysmography, aka a body box, in order to measure the residual volume).
You are assessing a patient with chronic asthma. She has a SVC of 3,500mL and a FVC of 2,500mL. Which
of the following best explains this difference?
A) Increased compliance during a forced expiration
B) Poor instruction by the previous respiratory therapist
C) Muscle fatigue during a forced expiration
D) Air trapping during a forced expiration
- ANSWER D) Air trapping during a forced expiration
( The first thing that should stand out is that the patient has asthma, which is an obstructive disease. And
we know that air trapping is a commonality in obstructive diseases. If a patient has a significant
difference between their slow vital capacity and forced vital capacity, this also indicates that air is
trapped in the lungs when the patient exhales forcefully).
( Because they airways are obstructed or constricted, as with bronchospasm in asthma, all of the air can
be expelled if the patient exhales slowly, it just takes longer. This explains why the values are slower with
the FVC as compared to the SVC).
While reviewing the patients medical record, you note that the FEV1/FVC ratio reported as being
severely reduced. Which of the following is most consistent with this finding?
A) Pulmonary hypertension
B) Morbid obesity
C) Chronic asthma
, D) Pneumonia
- ANSWER C) Chronic asthma
(You have to know that the FEV1/FVC ratio is a measure of the percentage of a patients vital capacity
that can be expired in the first second of expiration. People with normal lungs can exhale at least 70% of
their vital capacity within the first 1 second, which is the FEV1).
(When you see a reduced FEV1?FVC ratio, that automatically tells you that there is an obstructive
disease. And by using the CBABE mnemonic, we can see that only one of the answer choices could
possibly be correct, and its C).
Your patient has an FEV1/FVC ratio that is lower than predicted. Her forced vital capacity is also lower
than normal as well. What is the most likely cause of these findings?
A) A restrictive lung disease
B) An obstructive lung disease
C) Combined obstructive and restrictive lung disease
D) Normal test results –
ANSWER C) Combined obstructive and restrictive lung disease.
(The patient has a reduced FEV1/FVC ratio which tells us that an obstructive disease is present. BUT, they
also have a reduced FVC as well. This tells us that they have a restrictive disease as well. So combined,
this patient has BOTH an obstructive and restrictive disease).
Pursed- lip breathing would be most beneficial in which of the following lung disorders?
- ANSWER Emphysema
On assessing a pt's laboratory results, you notice a sputum culture that reveals a high eosinophil count.
This is characteristic of which of the following pulmonary conditions?
- ANSWER Asthma
Which lung condition is characterized by consolidation on a chest x-ray?
