EPIDEMIOLOGY
&
BIOSTATISTICS
EXAM I
Health - Answers -The Absence of Illness with six dimensions
What are the Six dimensions of Helath? - Answers -1. Social
2. Environmental
3. Physical
4. Intellectual
5. Emotional
6. Spiritual
Biostatistics - Answers -The application of statistical principles to medical, public health,
and biological applications
Involves collecting, summarizing, interpreting information and making inferences that
appropriately account for uncertainty
Summarizing a sample of population then making inferences about entire population
What are some issues/limitations of Biostatistics? - Answers -you must clearly define
the objective or research question
must choose the appropriate study design
must choose a sufficiently large representative sample
must carefully collect and analyze data
,must quantify uncertainty
must appropriately account for relationships among characteristics
must limit inferences to appropriate population
Physical Health - Answers -The ability of the human body to function properly; includes
physical fitness and activities of daily living
Social Health - Answers -The ability to have satisfying relationships; interaction with
social institutions
Mental Health - Answers -Ability to think clearly, reason objectively and act properly
Emotional Health - Answers -Ability to cope, adjust and adapt; self- efficacy and self
esteem
Spiritual Health - Answers -Feeling as if part of a greater spectrum of existence;
personal beliefs and choices
Environmental Health - Answers -Comprised of external factors (i.e. one's surrounding
such as habitat or occupation)
What is the mission of public health? - Answers -To ensure conditions that promote the
six dimensions of health in the population as a whole
Population Definition - Answers -refers to a collection of individuals that share one or
more observable personal or observational characteristics from which data may be
collected and evaluated (i.e. social, economic, family, work, and labor force, geographic
factors)
What are the three core functions of Public Health - Answers -1. Assessment
2. Policy Development
3. Assurance
Stratified Sample - Answers -Organize population into mutually exclusive strata select
individuals at random within each stratum
What are the two types of Non-Probability Sampling? - Answers -1. Convenience
Sample
2. Quota Sample
Convenience Sample - Answers -Non Probability sample (not for inference)
Quota Sample - Answers -Select a pre-determined number of individuals into sample
from groups of interest
, Probability - Answers -Reflects the likelihood that an outcome will occur
0<Probability<1
Probability Formula - Answers -Probability = ( # with outcome / N)
What is a synonym for EQUALLY LIKELY - Answers -AT RANDOM
Conditional Probability - Answers -Probability of outcome in a specific sub-population
(e.g. P(select a 9 Y.O. girl from girls) =
P(select 9 Y.O. girl/ girl)
Sensitivity (& formula) - Answers -True Positive Fraction
=P(test +/ disease)
Specificity (& formula) - Answers -True Negative Fraction
=P(test - / disease free)
False Negative Fraction Formula - Answers -=P(test - / disease)
False Positive Fraction Formula - Answers -=P(test + / disease free)
What are the two parts of ASSESSMENT (part of 10 essential services) - Answers -1.
Monitor Health
2. Diagnose & Investigate
What is the purpose of monitoring? (part of 10 essential services) - Answers -Monitor
health status to identify and solve community health problems
What are the four parts of Assurance (part of 10 essential services) - Answers -1.
Assure Competent workforce
2. Evaluate
3. Link to/ provide care
4. Enforce Laws
What are the three parts of Policy Development? (part of 10 essential services) -
Answers -1. Inform, educate, empower
2. Mobilize community partnerships
3. Develop policies
What are the two primary disciplines that provide the foundations of public health? -
Answers -1. Epidemiology
2. Biostatistics
&
BIOSTATISTICS
EXAM I
Health - Answers -The Absence of Illness with six dimensions
What are the Six dimensions of Helath? - Answers -1. Social
2. Environmental
3. Physical
4. Intellectual
5. Emotional
6. Spiritual
Biostatistics - Answers -The application of statistical principles to medical, public health,
and biological applications
Involves collecting, summarizing, interpreting information and making inferences that
appropriately account for uncertainty
Summarizing a sample of population then making inferences about entire population
What are some issues/limitations of Biostatistics? - Answers -you must clearly define
the objective or research question
must choose the appropriate study design
must choose a sufficiently large representative sample
must carefully collect and analyze data
,must quantify uncertainty
must appropriately account for relationships among characteristics
must limit inferences to appropriate population
Physical Health - Answers -The ability of the human body to function properly; includes
physical fitness and activities of daily living
Social Health - Answers -The ability to have satisfying relationships; interaction with
social institutions
Mental Health - Answers -Ability to think clearly, reason objectively and act properly
Emotional Health - Answers -Ability to cope, adjust and adapt; self- efficacy and self
esteem
Spiritual Health - Answers -Feeling as if part of a greater spectrum of existence;
personal beliefs and choices
Environmental Health - Answers -Comprised of external factors (i.e. one's surrounding
such as habitat or occupation)
What is the mission of public health? - Answers -To ensure conditions that promote the
six dimensions of health in the population as a whole
Population Definition - Answers -refers to a collection of individuals that share one or
more observable personal or observational characteristics from which data may be
collected and evaluated (i.e. social, economic, family, work, and labor force, geographic
factors)
What are the three core functions of Public Health - Answers -1. Assessment
2. Policy Development
3. Assurance
Stratified Sample - Answers -Organize population into mutually exclusive strata select
individuals at random within each stratum
What are the two types of Non-Probability Sampling? - Answers -1. Convenience
Sample
2. Quota Sample
Convenience Sample - Answers -Non Probability sample (not for inference)
Quota Sample - Answers -Select a pre-determined number of individuals into sample
from groups of interest
, Probability - Answers -Reflects the likelihood that an outcome will occur
0<Probability<1
Probability Formula - Answers -Probability = ( # with outcome / N)
What is a synonym for EQUALLY LIKELY - Answers -AT RANDOM
Conditional Probability - Answers -Probability of outcome in a specific sub-population
(e.g. P(select a 9 Y.O. girl from girls) =
P(select 9 Y.O. girl/ girl)
Sensitivity (& formula) - Answers -True Positive Fraction
=P(test +/ disease)
Specificity (& formula) - Answers -True Negative Fraction
=P(test - / disease free)
False Negative Fraction Formula - Answers -=P(test - / disease)
False Positive Fraction Formula - Answers -=P(test + / disease free)
What are the two parts of ASSESSMENT (part of 10 essential services) - Answers -1.
Monitor Health
2. Diagnose & Investigate
What is the purpose of monitoring? (part of 10 essential services) - Answers -Monitor
health status to identify and solve community health problems
What are the four parts of Assurance (part of 10 essential services) - Answers -1.
Assure Competent workforce
2. Evaluate
3. Link to/ provide care
4. Enforce Laws
What are the three parts of Policy Development? (part of 10 essential services) -
Answers -1. Inform, educate, empower
2. Mobilize community partnerships
3. Develop policies
What are the two primary disciplines that provide the foundations of public health? -
Answers -1. Epidemiology
2. Biostatistics
